Wolfgang Keller at Konigsbrau

Individual Case Analysis Assignment II: â€Å"Wolfgang Keller at Konigsbrau-TAK† MGT 400- Monday 6-8:45 Chelsea Glovis a. What is your assessment of Brodsky’s performance? Please be specific. In my opinion, I believe that Brodsky is one of those individuals who is so intelligent his personality and social interactions suffer. Keller and Brodsky have very different approaches to problems, in addition to being different nationalities, this creates many of the problems that they face.Keller looks at problems and goes above and beyond to try and solve them, whereas Brodsky attacks problems with the textbook methodology (analytical) that is not always the best approach, and isn’t sure how to do anything else. For instance, half of their distributers were not attending the annual distributors’ meeting. Brodsky was already gone for the weekend and unreachable at home. Keller and his staff spent the majority of their weekend personally inviting the distributors, j umping through hoops to ensure they felt appreciated by meeting them at airports or railroad stations.After all of their hard work, the attendance was more than doubled, which was critical for the businesses success. Lastly, Brodsky was dealing with a distributor who he had written off as bad debt of 87,000 euro. Keller was encouraging him to meet with the customer and demand the money. Brodsky resisted at first, then finally called the customer and concluded that nothing could be done. Meanwhile Keller took matters into his own hands and drove to meet with the distributor in person and was able to get a check for the whole amount.It seems to me that Brodsky is making the least effort in regards to personal relations, while at the same time thoroughly completing the tasks he was assigned for sales and marketing purposes. Brodsky is failing to see the larger picture and taking into consideration how relationships directly affect business cohesiveness. I think that he may feel threate ned by Keller seeing his recent success and feels that since he is older he knows what is best for the company, although that is clearly not the case. Seeing that Brodsky is so analytical by nature, it provided reasoning behind the way he looked at the tasks at hand.I think that Brodsky could have made a much greater effort in resolving problems with distributors/customers, implementing his sales plan, developing a decent relationship with others, and acting as a manager not just an employee. It is crucial for employees below managers to feel comfortable discussing their thoughts and ideas, not scared and nervous. Brodsky does the least amount of work that meets minimum expectations on most areas of work and tasks that are assigned to him. For example, there was a very serious distributors lawsuit filed by one of the firm’s largest distributors that Brodsky was in charge of handling.In dealing with this issue, Brodsky sent a sales representative to work out the problem. Only after the sales representative failed did Brodsky make an effort to personally contact the distributor. Following their discussion, Brodsky determined that the distributors position was unchangeable. Keller knew this would be a huge deficit to the company if they lost this customer and arranged to have a seat next to them on the plane to work things out. After the plane ride the distributor agreed to drop the suit completely, if Brodsky had made more of an effort initially he could have been much more successful.While he does come up with new innovative methods for increasing sales and completing very thorough analysis, he doesn’t work within a realistic deadline. It is imperative to the success of the company to work in a timely manner so that sales can have a quick turnaround and begin to grow. Managers should be motivating to their employees to work hard and do their best, whereas Brodsky hardly communicates with his subordinates and coworkers thus diminishing any chance w hatsoever for good, working relationships to be formed.In order to grow as an individual Brodsky needs to use this constructive criticism and feedback to heart instead of arguing each critique, making excuses and blaming others. b. How effective has Keller been as a coach to Brodsky? Why? Could you have done better? Why and How? I feel the Keller has done almost everything he can think of to try and alleviate the current situation with Brodsky. I think that the two men have such differing approaches in solving problems; a lot of tension is created in the office as well as one on one.The majority of the time, Keller takes problems into his own hands and tries to solve them, I would like to have seen him ask Brodsky to go above and beyond. Such as, arranging seats next to a distributor to discuss the lawsuit, personally invite distributors to the convention, and make a home visit to demand payment from a client. While Keller did allow Brodsky to make an effort, I feel that he could ha ve been more successful if he provided Brodsky with ideas to solve these problems. Because Brodsky is so analytical, it is hard for him to think outside of the box.He is so used to strictly going by the rules and regulations he thinks once he has done those methods there is nothing else he can do. Keller needs to take into consideration Brodsky’s personality, problem solving skills, and relationships with others and in the end he will realize why Brodsky is the way he is. He continues to feel like he is never good enough because of the constant negative feedback that he is given. In my opinion critical feedback should be backed with the same amount of positive feedback as to ensure employees don’t feel inadequate and not valued.In some aspects, Keller and Brodsky share similar personality traits. It is a challenge for both of them to see others perspectives and personalities differences. They are both problem solvers; however attack their problems differently. In my op inion Keller has done all he can think of to help motivate Brodsky and for that I think he has been mostly effective. On the other hand, I wish he would understand their differences and realize why Brodsky does things the way he does. I wouldn’t necessarily say that I could do a better job; I would just approach the situation much differently.I have a way of providing critical feedback intermixed with positive feedback, as well as a course of action to fix the problem all in the same sentence. On top of the feedback, I would also include peer feedback as well as voice the concerns that other employees have expressed. I feel it is necessary to break down the feedback and explain why it is important and beneficial to fix these problems and how it will affect the business as a whole. I feel that this would be beneficial to Brodsky so he can take these specific steps to get better and learn from his shortcomings.Also, I would be more understanding of the way Brodsky operates as a whole and determine the best way to help him start to think outside the box to solve problems. I would also provide definite deadlines for tasks that he is assigned to in order to avoid missing deadlines, taking too long, and falling even more behind. I would give him words of advice and encouragement to make him feel appreciated and determined. Instead of immediately taking matters into my own hands as Keller did, I would allow Brodsky the opportunity to use my methods of completing tasks that were tough situations (i. . telling him to make a house call to discuss getting a payment check from a soon to be bankrupt company). Lastly, I would outline specific goals to accomplish for the next few months or until the next review to motivate him, as well as discuss company procedures that must be followed. These procedures would include mannerisms at work (open communication, proper etiquette, a minimum number of social outings that must be attended, etc. ) With clearly established rule s, goals and courses of action, there is little room for him to argue his side. c.What are the underlying causes of Brodsky’s performance problems? What actions should Keller take upon returning to Kiev? Be specific. The majority of Brodsky’s performance problems have to do with two different personalities, traits, management styles, ethnicity, and outlook. Keller is a very hands-on, action-oriented guy who takes matters into his own hands when they are not completed exactly as he would have done it. Although he is very personable and loves to share a lot of his personal life with co-workers he has a difficult time putting himself in others’ shoes.Brodsky on the other hand is a very analytical introvert who completes tasks by the tried and true textbook approaches. He has a hard time thinking outside of the box when it comes to personal interactions and relating with others, in addition he doesn’t like to spend a lot of time bonding with co-workers and ke eps the vast majority of his personal life to himself. These two completely different, night and day personalities are bound to clash and create bumps in the road that cause discrepancies.On top of all of that, I think that Keller is so concerned with making sure Brodsky understands where he needs improvement that he forgets to provide positive feedback with a plan of action that Brodsky can follow. In addition, their differences in age and methods to solving problems are completely contradicting as well, especially when Brodsky has shared little information about the way he operates. Brodsky has a hard time taking Keller’s feedback because he doesn’t understand what he did wrong and what he was supposed to do instead.Brodsky is very thorough and will take his time to ensure a task is completed to the best of his ability, while Keller is action oriented and wants to see fast results. Brodsky addresses co-workers in a formal demeanor with a distant management style and minimal personal life sharing, which damaged his overall management style. All in all, their overall management styles were to blame for clashing so drastically. I believe if Keller and Brodsky shared the same viewpoints on management styles and approaching tasks Brodsky’s performance report would have very high reviews.Keller should have clearly established due dates for tasks so as to avoid problems with Brodsky taking too long to complete them, explain what business etiquette the company promotes, provide well-defined expectations, goals, and methods to accomplish, and try to see the world from a different light. He must understand that not every individual functions on the same level, manages and accomplishes tasks in the same manner, and remember how different each person is in this world.Developing a friendlier relationship with Brodsky would make it easier for Keller to share how he feels and hopefully he will be able to provide feedback more than just during a perform ance review. d. What are the implications for Keller’s own development as a leader? Although Keller has had great success at such a young age thus far in his life, he still has a lot of room to grow as a leader. A great leader needs to be sympathetic with their employees and co-workers and do whatever they can to help them grow as individuals and flourish in the world of business.He must remember that each individual is different and not everyone manages with the same style. These differences are what creates diversity in teams and allows for innovative ideas and thorough discussions. Having faith in your employees is a huge part in being a successful manager. When at first they don’t succeed, provide insight, thoughts, ideas, solutions, etc. to continue to show them how to think outside the box. Keller is so concerned with fast results and finishing tasks on his own that he doesn’t give his employees the chance to learn from his methods.In his mind he is being the best leader he can be, meanwhile Brodsky is under the impression that he is being the best employee he can be. Both of them need to reevaluate their situations and how to work more cohesively together with such differing styles and traits. It is imperative that Keller works on giving positive as well as critical feedback, a defined set of goals and deadlines, an action plan to fix areas where his subordinates aren’t performing up to par, and provide constant feedback so his employees don’t go sixth months thinking they are doing an incredible job when in reality he thinks they are slacking.

Marketing Analysis of GOD Essay

Company Description: GOD is now a fast-growing furniture and furnishings company brand in Hong Kong. They describe them as â€Å"More Than Just a Furniture Store†. GOD is the phonetic sound of the Cantonese slang â€Å"to live better† which a basic human desire all around the world. The founder of GOD – Douglas Young and Benjamin Lau opened the first GOD store at Ap Lei Chau in 1996. Within 2 years, two more shops opened in Central and Tsim Sha Tsui respectively. In 2001, GOD has opened a 20,000 sq.ft. flagship store in Causeway Bay. The mission of GOD has always been â€Å"to define a new Hong Kong identity† – by exploring age-old oriental traditions and updating them with modern consumers in mind, their demonstrations of the techniques and wisdom of past generations in the east still has a place in the future world. Most of the furniture of GOD is made in China to their stringent standards of quality and workmanship. Their products range from furniture, bathware, kitchenware to even lighting and carpets. Among these various products, furniture occupies the highest proportion of sales revenues. What makes GOD different from other convectional furniture and furnishing company is that all of their furniture is designed by local designers. The company is strongly against today’s mass produced and soulless products. The main theme of their furniture is creative, comfortable, and multifunctional. In order to surprise their customers, GOD constantly turns out new items on a weekly basis. Because the marketing strategy in GOD is so clear that make the company become one of the few furniture companies that can still make a profit, and even expand their business, in the time of economy downturn in HK these years. Situation Analysis: 1. SWOT Analysis: Internally, GOD has a management team with designing knowledge which could perfectly apply to the daily management in the company. Small size of management team also benefits the company with the efficient division of  labor. Despite the fact of having numerous competitors with lower price, G.O.D. is still taking the leading role in the industry with its unique offerings of the oriental tradition Asian design in products, as well as the extraordinary decoration in each branch . G.OD is expanding its market share by connecting to other different industries, so as to attract more customers from different aspects. The diversification of production and also the â€Å"custom made† strategy contribute to the company as it prevent excess inventory. Moreover, its own R&D team takes a big responsibility in fulfilling the demand of the customers in having a better quality. Other than all those favorable circumstances, G.OD is still encountering certain weaknesses. Due to the short history of establishment, G.O.D. is lack of experience and specialization. Its relatively high price and narrow choice of products has also prevented the visit and purchase of customers. Also, due to the limited capital inflow in the company, GOD is still not able to develop a large R&D team; it also regards advertisement as a big burden for the company. Regardless of the success of the manufacturing approach, it, on the other hand, has lead to the high cost of production as it could not achieve the economy of scale. Favorable external factors include the increasing upscale market which people are more concerned about quality of life, there are only few and not well-established local competitors, and as the economic is recovering, there are more opportunities. Ergonomics is one of the most popular topics in furniture industry because the customer’s perceived value can be raised by introducing it. Unfavorable external factors include the taste of customers which people like international culture more, like Japan. In addition, the favorable investment condition attracts competitor from foreign countries. 2. Industry analysis: The furniture and furnishing industry has a long history in Hong Kong. It includes the production of household, office and furniture, as well as  bedding and parts of furniture. There are 249 furniture manufacturers in Hong Kong, employing more than 704 people as at Sep 2002. Around 90% of them are small companies engaging less than 10 people . Although it is not the major industry in the local market, the competition is very keen. In terms of market segmentation, the current furniture industry in Hong Kong is generally divided into three main categories: high-end, middle-end and lower-end market. However, in the past, the craft-based, labor-intensive furniture industry was one of the oldest industries in Hong Kong. It was developed to meet local demands. At that time, the furniture industry was dominated by a large number of small firms and could be divided into three major sectors, namely, wooden furniture, rattan furniture and metal furniture . After the economic crisis in 1998, many small companies went bankrupt and customers’ incentive on buying furniture was lower. To maintain their competitive power, many large companies strive to reduce their costs and increase their efficiency. Some relocate their manufacturing operations to other areas with lower operation costs like Mainland China. Foreign manufacturers are taking steps to strengthen their domestic production through production specialization. Hong Kong’s furniture makers also start to establish their own brands and some concept stores in order to develop their unique product lines to differentiate their firms from the others. Companies like GOD and Franc Franc are the most apparent examples which produce products with Hong Kong local characteristics and Japanese culture respectively. Recently, due to the economic recovery and the change of customer trend, people are going to be responsive to the new trends and design of furniture. Thus, the industry is going to produce products to cater the needs of Hong Kong people. Also, many furniture manufacturers become more careful about the choice of raw materials to meet international standards, such as compliance with legal or other environmental requirements in their target markets. Because of the limited living space in Hong Kong, the industry produces the furniture which is highly practical and multi- functional. Moreover, most of them embrace innovative designs and combinations of furnishings which allow them to save home spaces and provide a sense of style and modernism. To cater the growing trend and design of furniture which correspond to their taste and lifestyle, the industry produces DIY furniture which can let consumers to make their ‘unique’ furniture with their own styles. Moreover, most of them are made of the environmental friendly materials for production. 3. Competitor Analysis: Competitors in relevant market: There are three main competitors of GOD in Hong Kong, accordingly Franc Franc, IKEA and PRICERITE. Their target market segments do not necessarily the same but do have some overlapping as they both target on the market segments of middle-income level families. Further, the mission of their competitors also stress on developing a new concept of life style to Hong Kong people. Franc Franc’s company would invest over 30 million dollars in Hong Kong and expect there will be 36 million HK dollars gross profit in the first year. There will also be 2 or 3 new branches opened in the next few years. They will be mainly located in some big shopping malls. IKEA have 4 branches in Hong Kong mainly located near big housing town. IKEA is the most well known furniture company in Hong Kong due to the massive advertising programs. The concepts of their design are simple, multi-functional and sustainable. They also have a successful and well-developed customer service system which helps them to develop the loyalty of their customers. PRICERITE’s target group mainly focuses on lower income families. They  provide a relatively low price to their customers, thus helping them to develop a low cost, comfortable and multifunctional living environment. They have over 45 branches in Hong Kong so as consumers can easily find a PRICERITE nearby. Comparative advantages: 1. GOD—Uniqueness of local culture In these years, many industries especially those expose frequently to young people like filmdom and musical industry, advocate local original design and innovation. This atmosphere makes young people create a good feeling to Hong Kong local products. Today, GOD is the unique furniture store with strong â€Å"Hong Kong† concept. What Hong Kong concept here means is Hong Kong’s own culture and social atmosphere. GOD is a local brand and all of their exclusive designers are local. GOD claims their products have â€Å"soul† because their products can turn out local people’s opinion and attitude to lives. It can attract a group of Hong Kong new generation who like to show off their characters and tastes by their home furniture . 2. Franc Franc—Adhere to Japanese-styled goods The trend in Japan always is a benchmark for the young people in Hong Kong. It is because the young people in Hong Kong think Japanese always stand on the tips of the trend. Thus, most of them are adherent to Japanese-styled goods. Many Japanese brands like Fancl and Sanrio have successfully developed their business in Hong Kong. Their successes are also based on this reason. Franc Franc is the sole furniture concept store with Japanese style in Hong Kong. This make it exclusively enjoys the adherent from Hong Kong young people in this market . 3. IKEA—Cost Leadership To provide goods with high quality at relatively low prices, IKEA drives tough bargains with its suppliers in order to employ lowest cost suppliers  of raw and semi-finished goods from all over the world. IKEA Also, their products developers seek out manufacturers who can produce in the most cost-effective way and designers always work with solutions that result in a low price. This cost-focused supply chain model results in getting the goods with cheapest price and good quality.

Reading Art Essay

The four main roles of an artist according to Henry M. Sayre are: Keeping a historical record much of the art that was created in the past and that is considered to be history was created at a time when most of the people in the world were considered to be illiterate, and it was better for the people to get a visual understanding because it was better for them to understand than a worded understanding. Another role is to be able to give form to intangibles when one thinks of the emotions of fear, love, or even adornment these emotions cannot be seen but are felt, an artist’s job is to create works that can make these feelings seen in their work. The next main role of an artist is being able to reveal the hidden, when an artist creates a piece through their own interpretation instead the actual event. Picasso was known for this type of works. The last main role of an artist is showing the world a new way when one is an artist they may see the same exact things as everyone else does, but when it come to them interpreting things the artists inspiration is beyond any other humans. When one is able to see the world through the eyes of any artist, they will be able to see it in a whole new way (Xaxx, 1999-2011). An example of a piece of art that is an explanation of symbolic significance would be Pablo Picasso’s â€Å"Guernica† this piece may not be a picture of the actual events of what happened at the Massacre of Guernica but this is how he portrayed them, or how the artist saw the victims of that massacre. Another example of a piece of art is Sara Atzmon’s â€Å"A Sealed Room at the Center of the World†. Atzmon was a Holocaust survivor who had seen many of her family members murdered during the Holocaust many of her pieces reflect the pain and horror that she saw during these events (Pelaia, 2011). Bibliography Pelaia, A. (2011). Jaduism. Retrieved from  https://www.dotdash.com/

Union Demands Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Union Demands - Essay Example Union Demands In the apartment building the supervisor, Larry Melton, was very mad that the employees were interested in forming a union. Mr. Melton began a behavioral pattern that was hurting the employees because he was making inquiries to several employees about the dealings of the union with the janitorial workers. Larry Melton was harassing the employees by calling them at home with questions about the affairs of the union. Larry did not have the right to call the employees after labor hours and ask them about things that occurred outside the workplace. He was violating both the trust of the employees and their privacy. Some of the claims of wrongdoing by the union in regards to the actions of the company included: Repeatedly interrogating employees about union activities. Threats of reducing of benefits. Threatening the employees for refusal to reveal the identities of who attended the union meetings. Forcing employees to reveal the nature of the private union meetings. Making employees offe rs of better medical benefits if they fail to join the union. In my opinion the majority of the claims made by the union were true. Larry Melton acted in an unethical manner in regards to the union activity with the janitorial workers. He pushed the employees to tell him information that they did not have to reveal. His actions constituted harassment. The company realized that Larry Melton acted wrongly and in order to protect the firm the company decided to terminate his employment contract. One of the arguments of the company was that they were not aware of the behavior of Larry Melton and that his actions were not sponsored by the company.

Causes of the Cold War Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Causes of the Cold War - Essay Example It is not surprising that Walsh (2001) notes that most of the world’s major wars were fought during this time. In this essay, focus is placed on the Cold War as a 20th century that had several causative components including ideological, security, and personality. The various means by which ideology, security needs and personality caused the Cold War are analyzed with emphasis on how these causes brought about a state of satisfaction for the parties involved in the war. Ideological Causes of the Cold War In the totality of it, Walsh (2001) describes the Cold War as an ideological war between the United States and the USSR. This is because in his opinion, the most predominant factor that would bring about the war was ideological differences and mutual mistrust. Facts have it that the two major ideological philosophies that caused the war was capitalism against communism. Historians and government reviewers from who Walsh (2001) made reference to in his book have outlined that ca pitalism and communism are the two most contrasting political ideologies. Because of the differences, there was generally suspicion and mistrust between the two major parties identified as United States and USSR. This is because whereas capitalism gives credence to private ownership, communism gives emphasis to government controlled ownership of property. The need for the West, led by the United States to stop the possible spread of communism therefore had to take a unilateral decision backed by the application of brutal military forces to stop the situation. Security Needs and the Cold War In Stalin’s speech of 1941, Walsh (2001) identifies a sense of urgency that was surrounding security for the USSR. The preceding incident that will bring this situation about is three major wars that the USSR had suffered at the hands of other nations, predominantly from the West. Giving statistical antecedents to these warfare attacks, Walsh names the World War I, World War II and the Rus sian War as wars that exposed USSR to invasion, leading to the death of millions of Russians. In the estimation of Stalin, the best form to ensure security for state USSR was to ensure that there was less aggression on its Western border and that there were enough friendly allies with whom Russia would surround itself with. This led to the creation of the Iron Curtain, which was on the other hand considered to be a security threat in the eyes of the West, particularly United States. As a way of pulling down the Iron Curtain, more and more blood will be shed, and thus the Cold War. How Personality issues accounted for the Cold War Walsh (2001) notes that the Cult of Personality that was in place in North Korea, greatly accounting for the Korean War is attributable to the Cold War. This is generally because through the system of Personality Cult that was practiced predominately by North Korean leader Kim II Sung, national confrontation broke out between North and South Korea. As this confrontation degenerated into what would later become known as the Korean War, the United States took a firm stand to support South Korea in the Korean War. With the United Nations Security Council coming to back the defense that was thrown in South Korea, the United States would have a firmer ground to fuel the Korean War. Walsh (2001) however notes that the United States also had its personality

Enviornmental law Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

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Chronic Kidney Disease Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Chronic Kidney Disease - Term Paper Example For these reasons, chronic kidney disease is considered a disease because it affects the health of an individual. Chronic kidney disease is a chief health concern problem because the prevalence of the disease grows at a yearly rate of 8%, and expends 2% of the worldwide health spending (Là ³pez-Novoa, Martà ­nez-Salgado, Rodrà ­guez-Peà ±a, & Là ³pez-Hernà ¡ndez, 2010). In the United States, about 13% of the populace suffers from this condition. As the prevalence of chronic renal disease rises, health care providers are tasked with the management of the multifaceted medical complications that patients with CKD face. This paper takes a detailed look at the pathophysiology, causes, symptoms and management of chronic kidney disease. The central role of the kidney is to sift nitrogenous wastes from ingested food and metabolic activities, as well as surplus fluids from the blood. The kidneys, therefore, play an important role in fluid and electrolyte balance. The nephron is the elementary working component of the kidney. A normal kidney has about one million nephrons. Each nephron possesses a clump of glomerular capillaries called the glomerulus where the filtration of blood takes place. The nephron also has a lengthy tubule where the filtered fluid is transformed into urine as it is transported into the pelvis (Guyton & Hall, 2006). The renal arteries branch into interlobar arteries and two other arteries and finally into afferent arterioles that supply the glomerulus in the nephron through the glomerular arterioles, which join together to form the efferent arterioles that exit the glomerulus. Urine, which carries the waste products filtered by the kidney is produced in three main phases namely ultrafiltration, reabsorption and secretion. The kidneys also excrete strange chemicals, drug substances and metabolites produced from hormones. Such substances include urea from the metabolism of amino acids and creatinine

SOCIAL WORK METHODS THEORIES FOR PRACTICE CASE STUDY. Use of Essay

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Discuss the War of 1812. Begin with a short background of the conflict Essay

Discuss the War of 1812. Begin with a short background of the conflict and the reasons for a U.S. declaration of war. How did the war change America Disuss at least three major long term results of the War - Essay Example The war of 1812 was a war that was fought chiefly between the government of the United States of America and the British empire (Chiefly British North America/Canada). Without question there had been a strongly strained relationship between the United States and the British Empire since the conclusion of the war of independence. The war was fought both the land and sea, and there were a number of different agents involved such as the Americans, United Empire Loyalists, Quà ©bà ©cois, The British, Upper & Lower Canadians, American Indians etc. After the British had defeated Napoleon on the European more resources were freed up for the war effort and as such a more aggressive strategy was employed. Although neither side lost any major territory in the war the war was concluded with a number of treaties (Such as the Rush-Bagot Treaty) which helped lead to the un-militarized great lakes and helped lead to an un-militarized borderbetween Canada and the United states that remains to this day. As with any historical event such as a war it is often the case that the issues surrounding it are not cut and dry. In the case of the war of 1812 the reasoning behind the declaration of war was not as simple as one would think. According to Horseman (1962) it was the case that the British engaged in a naval conflict with the United States that saw the commandeering of American vessels and seizing sailors on the grounds that they were deserters from British naval forces and as such were co-opted into British Service. Moreover, Strong trade restrictions were placed by the British on the United States and France (Which hurt American commercial interests) and lastly many American Indians were being supported by the British to impede American expansion into the West (Of the American Continent). Ultimately these grievances helped push James Madison to give a long speech to the U.S. Congress regarding American interests and

The Two( Gloria Naylor) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

The Two( Gloria Naylor) - Essay Example Such perceptions of relationships between women may harm the traditional gender role of a woman in a society or it may harm the status of relationship between the women. The story revolves around the main characters of Lorraine and Theresa, who just moved in Brewster Place. Soon, the other people in the community discover their intimate relationship with each other which results in mass violence. Their relationship turns a new dimension when Lorraine is brutally raped by the some men from the community. Under this sudden trauma, she kills Ben, who protected the two women from the other men. Sophie plays a key role in igniting the flame of violence and spreading the rumors about the two women in the community. The entire story revolves around the intolerance developed by the society against these women and particularly about the sensitive subject of homosexuality. Some cultures take it as normal but it is not the case in American society. Homosexuality is considered as a Taboo in major parts of America. The chapter clearly represents the mental approach of people and their hostile attitude towards the women which nullifies the concept of freedom in a

Human Factors in Aircraft Engineering Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words

Human Factors in Aircraft Engineering - Essay Example All the 225 people (19 crew and 106 passengers) were feared dead in this accident, which further dented China Airlines’ dismal air safety record. Before we consider the detailed case study, it is necessary to dwell on the maintenance aspects of aircraft engineering especially with regard to its safety and security aspects, since this forms the bulwark of international air travel. The responsibilities of the maintenance crew is very significant since it could be mean the difference between life and death at say, 40,000 feet above the ground, if the proper maintenance is not carried out according to the strictest rigour and discipline, it would cause enormous losses of lives and properties. Another aspect to air accidents is that these are capable of causing significant damages even to people and property on the ground where the debris of the ill-fated plane are scattered. The responsibilities for incidents or accidents are most often than not assigned to the operating staff, i.e., flying crew and pilots. This may not always be true. In some cases, there may be inherent deficiencies or construction defects in the basic structure of the aircraft itself. Because of which the accident may occur before, or shortly after take-off. In which cases, the responsibility for incident or accident cannot shift to the flying crew but needs to be assigned to the ground staff, i.e. maintenance and operative personnel. Variable error model refers to condition when the type of error may be of discrete and unpredictable nature and would therefore, be difficult to judge and control. Under such circumstances, it is seen that constant error models, being of consistent and predictable nature, could be tackled more efficiently and effectively. The possibilities of controlling constant error are higher than that of variable error. Error models may further be categorized into two models. Those, which could be solved, or made operationable, and the other

Hispanic Family Values Essay Example for Free

Hispanic Family Values Essay MacDonald’s article reveals the grim reality of teenage pregnancy and unmarried mothers in the Hispanic community in the United States, backed up by statistical data on various circumstances surrounding unwed young mothers. Birth rates among young, unwed Hispanic mothers are so alarming that according to the Census Bureau, â€Å"one in four Americans will be Hispanics by mid-century, twice the current ratio; also, Hispanics will account for 46 percent of the nation’s added population for over the next two decades† (Mac Donald). Statistics show that the Hispanic women have the highest occurence of births outside marriage at 45 percent, â€Å"compared to the 24 percent of white births and 15 percent of Asian births† (Mac Donald). Only the black population exceed this figure at 68 percent. This can possibly imply a higher demand for a larger welfare state, if incidents of unplanned pregnancy among young Hispanic women surge. MacDonald spoke to several social workers and other people who provide aid and services to these young women in South California, where most illegal immigrants flock, to illustrate the situation of Hispanic young women. According to these workers, illegitamacy has become the norm among the Hispanic community and it is not unusual for young, unwed Hispanic women seek welfare and social services (Mac Donald). According to Dr. Ana Sanchez, it is noteworthy to look into the values system of the Hispanics and compare it with the values system of other cultures. For instance, Dr. Sanchez thinks that in a Hispanic household, having babies outside marriage is normal; whereas in an Asian household, parents strongly imbibe in their children that teenage pregnancy is a taboo (Mac Donald). Another factor that contributes to the increase in unwed teenage pregnancy is the most powerful Hispanic value – a tight-knit extended family (Mac Donald). While marriage is no longer a cherished value in the Hispanic community, a tight-knit family is still very much treasured and children are always a welcome addition to the family. It is an honor for a young girl to be have a baby at a young age. If the father of the child is unavailable, which is normally the case, the relatives are more than willing to help raise the child. The fathers of the children of unwed young Hispanic mothers are another factor that contribute to the problem of rising dependence of young Hispanic mothers on social welfare and services. It is not uncommon for fathers to run off after getting a girl pregnant, regardless of the age. They cohabitate with the mother of their child initially but this does not usually last long (Mac Donald). Girls who are impregnated by older men is another issue that raises the eyebrows of social workers. The fathers of these children can be as young as 13 or as old as the boyfriend of the girl’s mother. Situations where girls are sexually assaulted by their mother’s boyfriends are not uncommon in the Hispanic community (Mac Donald). The present boyfriend of their mother is usually not their father because even their mothers had them when they were their daughter’s age. If it is not their mother’s boyfriend, it is their uncle. The belief is that older men prefer virgins because they think that they cannot be impregnated on their first sexual intercourse and they are less likely to have sexually transmitted diseases. Another revelation in this situation is that the cycle of early, unwed pregnancy among young mothers is a prevalent issue because it is something that is imbibed to them by their elders. Young girls turn out to be like that because their mothers, grandmothers, and aunts went through the same thing at the same age. It gives them the impression that having a child before marriage is perfectly normal. Consequently, relying on social services and welfare has also become a normal part of their lifestyle. The last few paragraphs of MacDonald’s article provide the various solutions that are being implemented to address this issue. For instance, some schools in California have a day care center for the babies of their students. MacDonald also mentions the â€Å"Latina Adolescent Suicide Prevention Act aims to channel $10 million to â€Å"culturally competent† social agencies to improve the self-esteem of Latina girls and to provide â€Å"support services† to their families and friends if they contemplate suicide† (Mac Donald). There are also support group for parents of children who show signs of delinquency such as gang involvement and antisocial behavior; members are usually single mothers. The life of a young, unwed and single mother is not easy. On top of that, the Hispanic community still remains to be a minority in the United States, even if their population is expected to double in the coming years. Support groups such as the ones mentioned above will aid the single mother in coping with the harsh reality in a foreign country. However, the adage â€Å"An ounce of prevention is worth a pound of cure† still works in this case. Aside from helping teenage moms, efforts should be allocated in creating an environment for young Hispanic women that will reduce the likelihood of pregnancy outside marriage. According to the study of National Council of La Raza’s Institute for Hispanic health, Hispanic communities misconstrue pregnancy prevention campaigns as â€Å"anti-family† campaigns (Elkins). NCLR suggests that programs should address family planning rather than the notion of pregnancy itself. According to the Latino Initiative, a very effective way of curbing unwed pregnancies among young women is to foster family values and strengthen parent-child ties because children who are close to their parents are more likely to enact safer sexual practices (Elkins). This intervention program not only works in Hispanic communities; it works almost everywhere as well.

Religion And Islamic View On Homosexuality Religion Essay

Religion And Islamic View On Homosexuality Religion Essay Explaination:- Lut is referred to as Lot in the Hebrew Scriptures. This passage is an apparent reference to the activities at Sodom and Gamorah. It seems to imply that there was no homosexual behavior before it first appeared in Sodom. This is a uniquely Islamic concept; it does not appear in Jewish or Christian beliefs. The passage also links the sin of Sodom (the reason for its destruction) to homosexuality.That linkage is contradicted by other verses in the Hebrew Scriptures. The Quran prohibits any sexual relationship except in a marriage between male and female. It is advised to take Homosexual as a test of life and suppress the feeling to follow Gods law in Islam. According to The Islam Society of North America, Dr. Muzammil Siddiqi, said: Homosexuality is a moral disorder, a sin and corruptionà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ No person is born homosexual, just like no one is born a thief, a liar or murderer. People acquire these evil habits due to a lack of proper guideance and education. He also said : There are many reasons why it is forbidden in Islam. Homosexuality is dangerous for the health of the individuals and for the society. It is a main cause of one of the most harmful and fatal diseases. It is disgraceful for both men and women. It degrades a person. Islam teaches that men should be men and women should be women. Homosexuality deprives a man of his manhood and a woman of her womanhood. It is the most un-natural way of life. Homosexuality leads to the destruction of family life. All Islamic schools of thought and jurisprudence consider gay acts to be unlawful but they differ in terms of penalty:- The Hanafite school (currently seen mainly in South and Eastern Asia) taught that no physical punishment is warranted. The Hanabalites, (widely followed in the Arab world) taught that severe punishment is warranted. The Shafi school of thought (also seen in the Arab world) requires a minimum of 4 adult male witnesses before a person can be found guilty of a homosexual act. Since Iranian revolution in 1979, Al-Fatiha estimates that 4,000 homosexuals have been executed in Iran and 10 public executions of homosexuals have been performed in Afghanistan by the Taliban army. Conclusion, in Islam, it is clear that homosexual is wrong and cannot be accepted and pratise by Muslim and there is punishment of Muslim who practise. The punnishment also differ in schools and Muslim who belong to a specific school will undergo the penalty that is warranted br that particular school. Christian view about Homosexual As Bible is the Holy Book for Christians, the Bible had talk about homosexuality in some verses. Below is the example of some the verses:- In the Old Testament, homosexual behaviour is mentioned in the story of the destruction of the cities of Sodom and Gomorrah by God in the book of Genesis (Revised Standard Version, RSV), >>> Chapter 19 Gen.19,1  Ã‚  Ã‚   The two angels came to Sodom in the evening; and Lot was sitting in the gate of Sodom. When Lot saw them, he rose to meet them, and bowed himself with his face to the earth, Gen.19,2  Ã‚  Ã‚   and said, lMy lords, turn aside, I pray you, to your servants house and spend the night, and wash your feet; then you may rise up early and go on your way.l They said, lNo; we will spend the night in the street.l Gen.19,3  Ã‚  Ã‚   But he urged them strongly; so they turned aside to him and entered his house; and he made them a feast, and baked unleavened bread, and they ate. Gen.19,4  Ã‚  Ã‚   But before they lay down, the men of the city, the men of Sodom, both young and old, all the people to the last man, surrounded the house; Gen.19,5  Ã‚  Ã‚   and they called to Lot, lWhere are the men who came to you tonight? Bring them out to us, that we may know them [New International Version (NIV): can have sex with them , New Jerusallam Bible (NJB): can have intercourse with them].l The book of Leviticus also mentions homosexual behaviour(Revised Standard Version, RSV): Lev.18,22  Ã‚  Ã‚   You shall not lie with a male as with a woman; it is an abomination Lev.18,23  Ã‚  Ã‚   And you shall not lie with any beast and defile yourself with it, neither shall any woman give herself to a beast to lie with it: it is perversion. Lev.18,24  Ã‚  Ã‚   lDo not defile yourselves by any of these things, for by all these the nations I am casting out before you defiled themselves; Lev.18,25  Ã‚  Ã‚   and the land became defiled, so that I punished its iniquity, and the land vomited out its inhabitants. In the New Testament St. Paul writes about homosexual behaviour in his letter to the Romans (RSV): Rom.1,24  Ã‚  Ã‚   Therefore God gave them up in the lusts of their hearts to impurity, to the dishonoring of their bodies among themselves, Rom.1,25  Ã‚  Ã‚   because they exchanged the truth about God for a lie and worshiped and served the creature rather than the Creator, who is blessed for ever! Amen. Rom.1,26  Ã‚  Ã‚   For this reason God gave them up to dishonorable passions. Their women exchanged natural relations for unnatural, Rom.1,27  Ã‚  Ã‚   and the men likewise gave up natural relations with women and were consumed with passion for one another, men committing shameless acts with men and receiving in their own persons the due penalty for their error. Rom.1,32  Ã‚  Ã‚   Though they know Gods decree that those who do such things deserve to die, they not only do them but approve those who practice them. [source from: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christianity_and_homosexuality] However, homosexuality is accepted by some Christian denomination and the acception of homosexual couple can be catogeries into allows as members, ordains, blesses union and marries. These are acception of some denomiation:- Denomiation Allows as members Ordains Blesses Union Marries Methodist Yes No No No Roman Catholic Church Yes(but may possibly be denied sacraments since it varies) No(celibate homosexual men also not to be ordained, women are resticted regardless of orientation) No No Episcopal Yes Yes Yes Yes(allows Bishops to decide) [Source from: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Christian_denominational_positions_on_homosexuality] In conlusion, most of Chritianity denomiation does not accept homosexually fully and Christian is bounded to his or her denomiation to refer on homosexual. However , in Bible, it is stated in many verses that can be interpreted that homosexual is wrong and prohibited. Buddhism view about homosexual Buddha did not leave any teaching neither about homosexual orientation nor homosexual behaviour. He encourage his follower to examine and test the truth of religious teaching before accepting them; be a lamp onto yourself. Buddhism teaches to do thing that useful and helpful,based on good intention and and freedom from harm. There are some arguments made from basic Buddhist priciples, which is Buddhas Eightfold Path. Second of the eight steps is called as Samma sankappa: right thinking or right resolve. When this step is related to sexual behaviour, it is explained as that it is not allowed to engage with pleasurable activities such as masturbation and also harm another person. Other than that, fourth step of the eight step, Samma Kammanta; right conduct or right behaviour also been related with sexual behaviour. This step is explained as that safe sex should be practise to avoid passing STDs which may cause death, engage with only sex that has mutual consent, and avoid unlawful sex. From here, according to basic Buddhist principle, we can say that homosexual can be practise except if there is no mutual consent or it is unlawful and also safe sex is not practise. Theravada Buddhism is one of the largest division of Buddhism. Theravada Buddhists say that if a relationship gives out happiness and well-being to both parties, then it is positive and can be accepted. Kerry Trembathe commented that Buddhist leaders grouped coercive sex, sexual harashment, child molestation and adultery as sexuall misconduct but heterosexual and homosexual sex are accepted. Kerry Thembathe concludes:- lUnfortunately, it cannot be said that homosexuals in countries where Buddhists are in the majority are any more free from prejudice and discrimination than they are in other countries. Everywhere it has taken root, Buddhism has absorbed aspects of the dominant culture, and this has sometimes been to its detriment. Neither is it true to say that people who espouse Buddhism are themselves any more free from prejudiced views than those of other persuasions. However it is clear that there is nothing in the Buddhas teachings to justify condemnation of homosexuality or homosexual acts. It seems to me that many gays and lesbians, particularly in Western countries, are drawn to Buddhism because of its tolerance and its reluctance to draw rigid moral lines, although of course I have no hard evidence for this. The same principles would be used to evaluate all relationships and sexual behaviour, whether heterosexual or homosexual.l [Source from: http://www.religioustolerance.org/hom_budd.htm ] Hinduisme view about homosexual Homosexuality is a controversial issue within Hindus ecspecialy among Hindus in countries where homosexually is accepted generally. The famous Kama Sutra states that homosexual sex is to be engaged in for its own sake as arts. There are arguement is done on this topic against the Hinduisms teachings on love,sex and marriage. In Hinduism, love is an external force which is important to attain Moksha. Erotic desire or Kama in Hinduism is one of the most legimate pleasures on earth, however premarital sex and extramarital sex is prohibited. This is summarise of the arguemnt. Some people does not agree to accept homosexual and these are their points:- Romantic love naturally between men and women and it is impossible for homosexual people to experience this love. Then, homosexual is a form of lust; lust is wrong , thus homosexual activities are wrong. One of the three functions of marriage is Prajaa, the progeny for perpetuation of ones family. A homosexual couple cannot procreate, and thus cannot be married. Since homosexual couples cannot marry, they cannot engage with sexual intercourse as premaritel and extramarital sex is wrong. At the counter part, they have their own points and these are the points:- There is no prove that show love is between men and women in Hindu. Therefore, it is not true. Hence, homosexual couple can experience love and not lust at all time. The three functions of marriage is from Dharma Shastras, books that not binding to Hindus. Prajaa may be interpreted in a number of ways that do not involve procreation at all even if the three function is related to marriage. Thus homosexuals should be allowed to marry. A loving relationship is encouraged to have sexual expression since it is not expreesion of lust but love. Therefore, homosexual is loving relationship should allowed to express their love sexually. Sikhism view about Homosexuality The Guru Granth Sahib, The highest authority in Sikhism, kept silent on homosexual topic, however there are parts of Guru Granth Sahib that have been interpreted that homosexual is wrong. The five thiefs that should avoided by Sikhs; Pride(aHankar) , Anger( Krodh) ,Greed( LobH), Lust(Khaaam) and Attachment(MoH) are statedin the Guru Granth Sahib. Many Sikhs believe that homosexual is a product of lust, hence homosexual is forbidden. In reference to Sikhisms rejection on Indian caste system, Sikhs that born or raised in countries that tolerant to homosexual describe homosexual is the new Untouchables. These Sikhs also believe that Guru Nanaks emphasisation on universal quality and brotherhood supports gay rights. Any alternative way of living is prohibited in family living; one of Sikhisms most underlying values. Most of Sikhs assume that this means homosexual is prohibited. Most of Sikh will try to overcome homosexual feeling by believing it is lust and marry opposite sex person. This makes a belief that no homosexual Sikh. But those Sikh who support homosexual, say that family living value is not only for heterosexual couple but also applicable for homosexual couple. In conclusion, most Sikh do not practise homosexual , however there is some Sikh who support the arguement about homosexual is not wrong and pratise it. Conclusion Religion Acception of Homosexual Islam Not Accepted Christian Depend on Christianity denomiation whether accepted or not and also the degree of acception. Hindism A controversual issue; some accept and some not and they have their own arguement on their acception. Buddhism Alike as Hinduism; some accept but some not. Sikhism Most of Sikh do not accept but a minority people accept it.

Essay on Attempts to Communicate in The Yellow Wallpaper

Attempts to Communicate in The Yellow Wallpaper Human nature is complex. Its requirements to remain healthy supersede those basic needs of food, shelter, and clothing. It is human to desire attention, companionship, to communicate heart-felt sentiments, and to be understood. In order to acquire self-esteem and to battle loneliness, one naturally searches to have these desires satisfied. Charlotte Perkins Gilman vividly illustrates these human aspirations in The Yellow Wallpaper. Subsequently she paints a horrific picture of someone who fails in her quest. These elements of this short story render it to be, for any reader who has experienced these hungers, an intensely personal experience. The heroine of this tale knows that she is not well, and the fact that medical authorities contradict her self-diagnosis frustrates her. She concedes that her husband should be more knowledgeable than her about her condition. This undermines her self-confidence in being able to evaluate herself. "If a physician of high standing, and one's own husband, assures friends and relatives that there is really nothing the matter with one but temporarily nervous depression - a slight hysterical tendency - what is one to do?" Another acceptable title for this short story could be "John says". Many of her feelings and much of her behavior are reactions to what John says. Her attempts to assuage her anxiety generally meet opposition by her husband. She offers suggestions to remedy her condition: "- But John says the very worst thing I can do is to think about my condition, and I confess it always makes me feel bad." She expresses her uneasiness about the house: "...but he said... ... more careful! Did not that sound innocent? But I know she was studying that pattern, and I am determined that nobody shall find it out but myself!" And she is prepared to protect her world even if it requires resorting to violence: "But I am here, and no person touches this paper but me, - not alive!" The Yellow Wallpaper is poignant. The heroine is in desperate need of attention, a need that is never adequately met. Although the dramatization of her development may appear extreme, considering the fact that she probably had a preexisting condition of mental instability permits the outcome to be acceptable. Although the average reader may not be able to relate to the demise of the heroine, most can understand the frustration and anxiety which accompany restrictions, the feeling of not being understood, insecurities and loneliness.

The Cause And Effects Of Acid Mine Drainage Essay -- essays research p

The Cause and Effects of Acid Mine Drainage INTRODUCTION Imagine going fishing on a cool Autumn day, the trees are all different shades of orange, brown and red and the birds are singing their beautiful songs, but their is a serious problem because when you arrive at the river all plant and animal life are gone. This is by no means a recent phenomenon. This is due to the effects of acid rock drainage (ARD). This is a problem that has been occurring since ancient times, but it was not until the 1800's when fast growing industrialization and heavy mining that it caught alot of attention. Acid rock drainage is the term used to describe leachate, seepage, or drainage that has been affected by the natural oxidation of sulfur minerals contained in rock which is exposed to air and water. The major components of ARD formation are reactive sulfide minerals, oxygen, and water. Biological activity and reactions is what is responsible for the production of ARD. These reactions make low pH water that has the ability to mobilize heavy metals contained in geological materials with which it comes in contact. "ARD causes a devastating impact on the quality of the ground or surface water it discharges to. (Ellison & Hutchison)" ACID MINE DRAINAGE Within the mining process there are several sources that cause ARD. No matter what activities occur, ARD usually occurs when certain conditions are met. These conditions are the factors that limit or accelerate the release of ARD. The initial release of ARD can occur anywhere from a few months to many decades after the sulfide containing material is disturbed or deposited. ARD has been associated with mines since mining began. When ARD occurs due to the effects of mining it is called acid mine drainage, or AMD. The coal mining industry here in the eastern United States has been associated with a major source of AMD for decades. When water comes in contact with pyrite in coal and the rock surrounding it, chemical reactions take place which cause the water to gain acidity and to pick up iron, manganese and aluminum. Water that comes into contact with coal has a orange-red yellow and sometimes white color. The metals stay in the solution beneath the earth due to the lack of oxygen. When the water comes out of the mine or the bor... ...ansform organic material and nutrients.(Bastian 1993) Natural and constructed wetland have been used to treat wastewater. The first one that was ever constructed was in 1982. There are over 200 systems in Appalachia alone.(Bastian 1993) Even though this is safer for the ecosystem it is found that at most sites, chemical treatment is still necessary to meet efficient standards, but the costs of chemical treatment is greatly reduced with the initial biological treatment. Most operators find that the costs of the construction of the wetlands are made up within one year due to the money saved on chemicals. CONCLUSION In conclusion, acid rock drainage is a big problem all throughout the world due to alot of industrialization and mining. This is not only a serious problem around the world, it touches home here, especially here in Appalachia, but it seems to be under or getting under control with all the new regulations and standards the EPA is setting. Low pH and a high acidity level is harmful to us our wildlife and our plants. With the help of more education and more research it will not have to be a problem for our future.

Renaissance Country House Poetry Essay examples -- Poem Poetry Poet Es

Renaissance Country House Poetry Country house poetry is a sub-genre of Renaissance poetry and was first written during the seventeenth century. It was closely linked to patronage poetry, in which poets (sometimes outrageously) flattered patrons in order to gain sponsorship and status. At this time, many houses were built in the countryside as a display of wealth, and as a retreat for the courtier when overwhelmed by the court and city life. Country houses were not, originally, just large houses in the country in which rich people lived. Essentially they were power houses - the houses of a ruling class. As such they could work at the local level of a manor house, the house of a squire who was a little king in his village and ran the county. They could work at a local and national level as the seat of a landowner who was also a member of parliament. Basically, people did not live in country houses unless they either possessed power, or, by setting up in a country house, were making a bid to possess it. Country house poems generally consisted of complimentary descriptions of the said country house and its surrounding area which often contained pastoral detail, and praised cultivated nature. The purpose of the central part of this essay is to assess the effectiveness of Renaissance 'country house' poetry as social criticism. Country house poems were written to flatter and please the owner of the country house. Why did poets do this? Until the nineteenth century the wealth and population of England lay in the country rather than the towns; landowners rather than merchants were the dominating class. Even when the economic balance began to change, they were so thoroughly in control of patronage and legislation, so strong throu... ...ely that people read country house poetry to be provided with political or social insights, so it is likely that many of the allusions were lost on the majority of readers. Endnotes 1 The Penguin Book of Renaissance Verse 1509-1659, p.420 2 Ibid. p.420 3 Life in the English Country House, Mark Girouard, p.7. 4 The Penguin Book of Renaissance Verse 1509-1659, p.420 5 Ibid.p.421 6 Ibid.p.421 7 Ibid.p.421 8 Ibid.p.421 9 Ibid.p.422 10 Ibid.p.422 11 Ibid.p.422 12 Ibid.p.422 13 The Description of Cooke-ham, Renaissance Verse, p.414. 14 The Penguin Book of Renaissance Verse 1509-1659, p.417 15 Ibid.p.418 16 Marvell's "Upon Appleton House", Robert Markley, p.91. Bibliography Mark Girouard. Life in the English Country House, Yale University Press, 1978. Maclean, Landry and Ward. The Country and the City Revisited, Cambridge University Press, 1999.

Recognise and Immediate Action to Deal with Any Bullying, Harassment or Oppressive Behaviour According to Thepolicies and Procedures of the Setting

Unit 334 Support Children and Young People’s Health and Safety Task 2 After looking at my schools health and safety policy the school makes reference’s to current legislation and complies with Leicester city council legislation. To show that we understand the health and safety policy and that we will comply with it we have to sign a document. So if we use a chair instead of a ladder to put up a display and fall off the chair and hurt yourself you can’t sue the school or HCC. Task 3 Case Study 1 This would be a good place to visit as some of the children have never been but there are concerns about health and safety and the risk of being in a big open space but to minimise the risk a risk assessment will be done. This will identify the hazards and the control measures to reduce the risk. You would discuss this as a year group to ensure that all staff understand their roles on the trip. A letter will be sent home with the children in your year group to get parental consent if the school doesn’t have a parent signature the child will not be allowed to go on the trip. This letter also has all the information the parents will need to know like places they will be visiting e. g. a museum, butterfly gardens. Also in the letter it will have information such as 1. date the trip will take place 2. What clothing and shoes the children will need to wear. 3. Arrangement for packed lunch and free school meals and what drinks are suitable to take 4. The cost of the trip if any 5. When the trip will return back to school. They will be a slip at the bottom of the letter to return back to the school. For all staff and governors going on the trip they will be given a timetable with what will be happen during the day at set times and where to meet. This will also have the focus of the day. There will be a group list with the timetable which has the name of all staff that are going on the trip and the children they will be looking after and any one on one requirement’s. In the school office there are two lists, one which has all staff and governors going on the trip, there contact details, there emergency contact details, and the other list has all the children going on the trip and there emergency contact details. The school uses a ratio of 1:6 in years 1 &2 and a ratio of 1. 4 in year R against the national recommendation of 1. 8 for an infant school on a trip. All children are given name tags to wear with the schools details just in case they get lost or separated from their group with their names are facing down. Before going on the trip the children are talk to about stranger danger this not done intrusive with the children there are told never to lose sight the adult in there group so their will not need to talk to strangers when on the trip. This is done couple of times during the week as a class and in small groups. Case study 2 Amiria should say to the group of children let’s let the men get on with their work and engage them in an activity away from the fence, if there is enough space, if not she should take them inside. Because she doesn’t know if the men are CRB checked and following the schools child protection policy. Within my work place I support a child with physical needs so I have to be aware of where he is and what he is doing and point out potential risks to make him aware, such as walking across a classroom with toys in his path. In this case I stopped him and asked why that route was not a safe way to walk, I then discussed what could happen and together we chose a safer way to cross the room.

High Turnover Rate Essay

1. Key issue High labour turnover rate is prevalent in the insurance industry and especially in prudential. Thus, the firm may have to incur more costs and time to train new employees. http://business.asiaone.com/Business/My%2BMoney/Building%2BYour%2BNest%2BEgg/Insurance/Story/A1Story20090821-162517.html 2. Causes The main cause of the high turnover is the organisation culture. Observable Artifact Every Monday, all employees are required to wear white as a symbol of unity and recite the firm’s pledge, which is to place their family’s interest before their own. While expecting the employee to perform his best, the firm should also provide adequate welfare for its employees. Otherwise, employees may feel discontented and choose to leave, thus, increasing the turnover rate. Espoused Values The firm espouses the value of family. Family in this case, refers to one’s own family as well as the firm. Everyone has an obligation to work hard for their family. It is taboo for the employee to raise their point of view during meetings, as they have to respect the â€Å"seniors† in the â€Å"family†. Top performing employees are rewarded handsomely while underperforming employees are pressured to hit their quota or be forced to leave the firm. Based on the Blake-Mouton Managerial Grid, Prudential has an autocratic leadership, characterised by high concern for production and low concern for people. http://www.mindtools.com/pages/article/newLDR_73.htm http://www.kean.edu/~lelovitz/docs/EDD6005/humansideofenterprise.pdf Enacted Values The espoused values are not exhibited boldly. Some meetings are on the weekends, preventing employees from spending family time. This discrepancy can cause higher turnover rate. Basic Assumption The firm adopted the Taylorism theory, which attempted to increase productivity by motivating its employees through monetary incentives. Sales ranking charts are commonly seen in the office. Top employees are rewarded and highly regarded in the company, while the rest are neglected. By assuming that employees are only motivated by money, the employees’ morale is ignored. Herzberg’s motivation-hygiene theory states that an employee’s satisfaction is dependent on â€Å"hygiene† issues and â€Å"motivators†. In Prudential, the hygiene factors like work/life balance and good inter-personal relationship with the superiors are lacking. Thus, employees are more inclined to leave the firm, contributing to its high turnover rate. http://research-methodology.net/frederick-hertzbergs-two-factor-theory/ http://www.businessballs.com/herzberg.htm 3. Analysis of the theories 1. 2. 3. 3.1 Taylorism’s theory This theory assumes that each employee will maximise his productivity in order to earn the bonuses. When interviewed by Kurt Nelson in his study of pharmaceutical sales teams, all of them stated that the incentives for the top achievers were very motivational. This theory corresponds with a research done by Michele Marchetti in 1998, which indicates that commission encourage salespeople to perform. However, Kurt Nelson’s study involved only four employees, of which all of them worked together as a team. The small number of the employees is insufficient in proving that monetary incentives can motivate them to perform. Furthermore, this study is based on a sales team, where the motivation to perform can be different from that of an individual salesperson. 3.2 HerzBerg’s Motivation-Hygiene theory Herzberg’s theory can be used to detect issues that need to be mitigated. In a study conducted by Jones and Lloyd, employees who contribute ideas in a meeting usually exhibit the following motivations: a) A desire for recognition from a line manager b) The desire for recognition from colleagues For instance, the use of this theory can help Prudential in strengthening its family culture and allow the voices of the employees to be heard. However, there are also several limitations too. Herzberg’s theory is still a generalization which cannot be applied to all individuals. It is also based on interviews with accountants and engineers. An accountant may be motivated by increased pay while the Prudential employee may be more motivated by flexible work timings. Furthermore, giving an employee responsibility they are not ready for can be overwhelming and become a demotivator. 4. Author’s perspectives To rectify this issue, the management at Prudential should adopt a healthy balance of the Taylorism theory and Herzberg’s theory. Providing incentives for the employees to perform in the Taylorism’s theory is merely a hygiene factor in Herzberg’s theory. The management need to incorporate other factors to encourage lower turnover. Studies have shown that to predict voluntary turnover, an increase in individual values enactment corresponds with a decrease in turnover. [citation] Another study which includes 2,622 employees from a hospital located in the US, found that the organization’s incorporation of a values enactment measurement system into the formal performance evaluation process benefited the organization by retaining employees more likely to conform to the organization’s espoused values. [citation] Hence, Prudential should first boldly exhibit its espoused values. Incentives should also include things like family trips. Performance measures should not only be linked to sales quota only, but the number of trainings conducted by the senior employees to the junior employees, the amount of time spent with their own family and more. While recruiting employees, Prudential need to conduct a thorough interview, to screen the employees with the same values as the firm, as they would be more likely to stay in the firm. While such recommendations can motivate employees, it is difficult to measure the amount of time one spends with his family as the data could be easily fabricated. The cost of recruiting new employees must be equivalent to the increase of sales made from this new strategy, for this change to be justifiable. Resistance to change will also be expected from the management as the previous system has been very successful in ensuring high profits for the firm, despite the high employee turnover rate. In a study conducted by Caliper Human Strategies Inc., a human resource consulting firm in Princeton, NJ, and Automotive News magazine, reveals that top salespeople in 3000 car dealerships have several personality traits (Sawyers, 1997). Some of the strong personality traits are: Ego drive( the need to motivate people), Ego strength (ability to handle rejections), Self structure( a strong ability to organise one’s own work), Assertiveness(persuading others to adopt a different point of view). Prudential can use these traits listed in order to hire the right person for the job. Perhaps a job trial can be conducted for the candidate rather than the standard interview. 5. Conclusion 6. Appendix * A newcomer should not be employed with the same compensation system as the veteran. (us automobile ) * Changing the compensation system to a more comfortable and predictable system such as the salary based payment will greatly increase the retention rate of the salespeople. This has been proven in different dealerships throughout the country.Abetter alternative is to allow the salespeople to switch between the two compensation methods. During a lean period, the dealership would allow the salespeople to switch to salary based, and during the boom period to switch to risk based compensation method. * Foster a more-family like culture; http://www.businessballs.com/herzberg.htm http://www.managementstudyguide.com/herzbergs-theory-motivation.htm

History of Psychology Essay

Modern psychology is a science that it continually being researched and added to. Psychology predates the 19th century and includes roots into early philosophy. Looking closely one can identify philosophers that related to the beginnings of psychology, identify major philosophers that historically relate to the beginnings psychology as a formal discipline and how the development of the science of psychology changed during the 19th century. A philosopher that could easily be called the father of modern psychology would be: Rene Descartes. Descartes was a philosopher in the 17th century that stepped outside the limits and wanted to know more. Descartes came up with 4 basic rules to arrive at the truth of whatever he was researching. These rules were basically to think clearly, logically and without bias (Goodwin, 2008). Descartes had several derived ideas and was considered a nativist and a rationalist. These ideas that he created foreshadowed one of psychology’s major topics of nature versed nurture. Descartes also fought that there was a difference between a person’s mind and body; and this difference separated us from animals. Before Descartes died he published his last of many books called: The Passions of the Soul. This book established him as a psychologist and a physiologist (Goodwin, 2008). This book emphasized on human emotions and continued on with a discussion about mind and body distinctions. He Clarified the body is a machine and responds to curtain motions, such as fear, that trigger reflexes. Descartes also determined that the pineal glad in the brain was the gland that sent messages from the mind/spirit to the body. Descartes died at just before his 54th birthday in 1650. There were several philosophers that historically relate to the beginnings psychology as a formal discipline. John Locke, George Berkeley, David Hume and John Stuart Mill are just a few to mention. Each philosopher contributed an aspect to psychology that led to its formal discipline. John Locke refused to believe in an innate mind and believed that mind is created by experiences and was not pre programmed. He stated believed that the ideas that come from our minds are due to ones sensations and reflections from experiences (Goodwin, 2008). George Berkeley added an analysis of visual perception. He disagreed with Locke’s theory of primary and secondary distinctions, but stated that our belief in God gave us a type of reality. David Hume is known for his study of impressions. This study helped research sensations and ideas the thought were due to impressions. Hume also identified the rules of association as resemblance, contiguity and cause/effect (Goodwin, 2008). There are a couple of reasons that psychology changed dramatically in the 19th century. John Stuart Mill was a big part of that change. Even though John Stuart Mill was a very young philosopher, he studied the logic of science and analyzed several methods on how to get a scientific truth. For example, Mill would look in to different genes that could produce depression. Every depressed person that he would look at would have this gene; however that did not mean that if you had the gene that you automatically had depression. In modern times we call his methods the experimental method and the correlation method. These types of methods are use today in the field of psychology. Philosophers are a big part of the modern world of psychology. They helped introduce methods that are still used today and added science to the study. Without philosophers we may still believe that the mind and body are one and that genes create thoughts and ideas and not experiences. We would not understand how visual and sensations react and create thoughts and different experiences. Philosopher Hermann Ebbinghaus once said that â€Å"Psychology has a long past, yet its real history is short† (Goodwin, 2008). This statement represents the fact that psychology is only 100 years old, but can be predated back from the time humans started asking questions.

Antacid Report

Testing the Effectiveness of Commercial based Antacids Purpose: The purpose of this lab is to determine, by testing several dissolved commercial antacid solutions, which can best neutralize acid and is the most effective for heartburn. Hypothesis: If all three different types of Antacid were tested and neutralized with the Hydrochloric acid, then the one that would be the most effective antacid would be the TUM’s Ultra Strength Calcium because it is larger and because it is Ultra Strength, it should be more effective. Materials †¢Compliment Extra Strength Antacid Tablet †¢TUMS Life Ultra Strength Calcium Antacid Tablet †¢Goggles †¢Thymol Blue †¢Mortar and Pestle †¢Beakers †¢pH probe †¢Clamp †¢Retort Stand †¢Pipette-Graduated †¢Hydrochloric Acid(HCl) †¢Distilled Water †¢pH 4 solution Procedure- 1. All the materials were gathered/assembled. 2. The clamp was secured onto the Retort stand, 3. The pH probe was then at tached to the clamp and secured tightly 4. With the pH 4 solution, the pH probe was calibrated properly according to SNC2D0 standards 5. One antacid tablet was weighed with the scale and the result was recorded 6. Step 5 was repeated for the other two antacid tablet brands used. 7.Once each tablet was weighed, they were then crushed and grinded with the mortar and pestle and each put in their respective beaker 8. 25 Millilitres of distilled water was then added to each beaker and stirred gentle until a milky solution was made 9. One solution of the antacid’s was taken to the Tort stand and the pH probe was lowered into the solution 10. 4-6 Drops of Thymol Blue was put into the solution with the pipette, or as many drops was needed to indicate a color change. 11. As indicated on the pH probe, the pH of the solution was recorded down 12. Using the pipette, Hydrochloric Acid was gathered; inside the pipette 13.Individual drops of the Hydrochloric acid were then added, each drop added was recorded on the table 14. At the same time as the drops added, the solution was continually stirred with the stirrer 15. Drops of HCl were added to the solution until the pH recorded by the pH probe says 2 or the solution is clear red. 16. The number of drops added were recorded on the table 17. Steps 9-16 were then repeated with the other two solutions of Antacids Observations Table 1: TUM’s Ultra Strength reactions to Hydrochloric Acid Drops Quantitive Observations-pHQualitive ObservationsBefore adding of Hydrochloric acid6. 8 pHOrange, milky, opaque 25 Drops of Hydrochloric acid5. 5 pHGrainy, Opaque, white 50 Drops of Hydrochloric acid4. 5 pHFizzing, grainy, opaque, white 75 Drops of Hydrochloric acid4. 1 pHFizzing, grainy, opaque, white 100 Drops of Hydrochloric acid3. 9 pHSlight increase in clarity, fizzing more, less grainy 125 Drops of Hydrochloric acid3. 4 pHLess grainy, less white, fizzing less 150 Drops of Hydrochloric acid2. 4 pHTranslucent, fizzing less 158 Drops of Hydrochloric acid1. 8 pHClear, translucent, grains at the bottom, stopped fizzing, slightly pinkTable 2: Life Ultra Strength Reactions to Hydrochloric Acid drops Quantitive Observations-pHQualitive Observations Before adding of Hydrochloric acid8. 8 pHMushy, translucent, white 25 Drops of Hydrochloric acid5. 5 pHOpaque, white, slight yellow 50 Drops of Hydrochloric acid5. 0 pHPrecipitate forming, white, milky 75 Drops of Hydrochloric acid3. 6 pHPrecipitate more visible, solid, white, 100 Drops of Hydrochloric acid2. 7 pHSolid separating from liquid 125 Drops of Hydrochloric acid2. 4 pHSlight pink in color, translucent 7liquid 150 Drops of Hydrochloric acid1. pHPink shade in color, solid separated and on top of liquid, Gaseous smell coming Table 3: Compliments Extra Strength reaction to Hydrochloric Acid drops Quantitive Observations-pHQualitive Observations Before adding of Hydrochloric acid7. 9 pHGreen, grainy, solids at the bottom, opaque 25 Drops of Hydrochloric acid 5. 3 pHPrecipitate forming on top, green, opaque 50 Drops of Hydrochloric acid3. 0 pHMore liquidous, transparent 75 Drops of Hydrochloric acid2. 0 pHLiquid state, transparent, top is solid/precipitate Table 4: Neutralizing ability of the Antacids Product nameNeutralizing abilityTUM’s Ultra Strength79 Life Ultra Strength68. 2 Compliments Extra Strength37. 5 Analysis: I am able to make a few generalizations due to the course of these results. It can be said that TUMs has the highest neutralization ability, as it took the most amount of drops to bring the pH level to two. It is also said Compliments has the lowest neutralization level, as it took the least amount of acid to bring the level to two. Discussion: 1. I believe the most effective antacid tablet of the experiment would be the TUM's Ultra Strength, opposed to the Life Ultra strength, and the Compliment's Extra Strength.I say this because even though the TUM's ultra strength did have the lowest pH of the three tablets, t he tablet did however take more Hcl than the other tablets to go to 2 pH—158 drops of Hcl, thus effectively neutralized the acid for the longest of time. Life Ultra did however become very close to TUM's, with exactly 150 drops of Hcl to bring the pH to two. 2. The TUM's and the Life Ultra both had 1000 mg of calcium carbonate and then because of that, they lasted longer than the Compliment's extra which only had 750 mg of calcium carbonate. 3. In the TUM's, the orange color changed to white when the acid was introduced; in the LifeUltra, the white color changed to a light yellow shade. These changes happened because the pH level changed in the process of adding the acid, thus making the indicator change colors. 4. It was necessary to continually stir the acid because the acid must be properly distributed in the base solution; if you didn't stir the solution, the acid would stay in that place and would not react with the other parts of the basic solution, leading to an inaccu rate neutralization. Thus stirring would ensure a higher rate of accuracy. 5. It was stopped at 2 pH because of the pH environment needed to simulate.The experiment was the effectiveness of Antacids on the human stomach, and since the normal pH of a stomach is 2 pH, it was needed to be brought down to 2 pH to simulate that same environment. 6. I would like an antacid to be able to dissolve over a period of time. I would like this because then the effects would be able to last longer if the heartburn is damaging enough. If the effects were too quick, then the heartburn could start up and then it would be a wasted effort; with the Antacid that stays, it controls the pH properly. 7. Liquid medicines and Solid medicines both have advantages over each other.Liquid medicines are that they are quick to react and start working and they easily absorbed; they can be drunk. Solid medicines however are predesigned, so it is hard to take a wrong dosage with them, while kitchen utensils holding t he liquid medicine can easily over or under measure. 8. I would have to consider the strength of the tablet; if I don’t have chronic heartburn, I wouldn't need such a strong antacid. I would have to consider my age and BMI; if I am young, I wouldn’t want to take a higher daily dosage, and if I’m bigger I would need a larger daily dosage. 9.There are various strengths and weaknesses associated with this experiment, as well as a few errors that could have arisen. One of the errors that could have arisen is the antacid pill and mixture was not crushed and mixed properly, which could lead to inaccurate answers and inaccurate distribution of acid. Another error would be that the mixture was stirred inaccurately or improperly, which could lead to more inaccurate results as the acid is misdistributed. The strengths of this lab are that it gives the students a closer and more interactive way of showing the differences and the usage of antacids and also of HCl acid.A wea kness for this experiment could be that if not done properly, results can be misconstrued and biased, thus leading to bad results. Conclusion: The purpose of this lab was to show the different reactions of commercial antacids and to which is more effective as an Antacid. In the various antacid experiments, the TUM’s Ultra Strength required the more drops of HCl per gram than the Life Ultra Strength and Compliments Extra Strength. This shows that is able to last longer in an acidic environment and neutralize it properly. Thus TUM’s ultra strength would be the better Antacid.

John Locke Paper Essay

Throughout the 17th century, John Locke presented society with his teachings and theories that clarified the order of natural law and fulfilled humanity’s divine purpose for living. It all began in 1647, as a young boy when he attended the prestigious Westminster School in London under the sponsorship of Alexander Popham. During his years at the Westminster School, he found the work of modern philosophers more interesting than the material being taught at the university. Much of Locke’s influence and later work was characterized by opposition to authoritarianism, which focused on both the level of the individual person and on the level of institutions such as government and church. Locke wanted each of us to use reason to search after truth rather than simply accept the opinion of authorities or be subject to superstition. He wanted us to proportion go along with the proposition to the evidence for them. Locke came to the conclusion that there must be a balance and mutual understanding between individuality and social institutions where society will not feel suppressed under man made law and restrictions. John Locke believed that all knowledge comes from experience. Experience is composed of two parts: external and internal. External experiences are ideas of supposed external objects. These objects enter our minds through sensation. Examples of sensations would be hot, cold, red, yellow, hard, soft, sweet and bitter. Internal experiences are reflections that make us understand the operation on the objects of sensation. Examples of reflections are thinking, willing, believing, doubting, affirming, denying, and comparing. Once again Locke goes back to his foundation of principles by reaffirming that in order to achieve success and sensation there must be a working relationship between individual goals and the law of society. Sensation and reflection are called the two fountains of knowledge. All of our ideas we can naturally have or have so already come from these two experiences. Sensible qualities convey into the mind, and they produce most of the perceptions and most of the great sources of ideas we have. Sensation and reflection differ from each other because sensation is what happens outside the body, and reflection has to do what happens inside the body with our mind. Also reflection has to do with the ideas it affords being such only as the mind gets by reflecting on its own operations within itself, the mind takes over its own operations and the manner of them. Besides having sensible qualities one also contains primary and secondary qualities. Locke explains that these qualities are two kinds of properties that an object could have. Primary qualities contain solidity, figure, extension, motion and number. They are properties that are objective and independent on senses. On the other hand, secondary qualities consist of color, smell, taste, sound and touch. They are properties that are subjectively perceived. In Locke’s, An Essay Concerning Human Understanding, he states, â€Å"sensible qualities; which, whatever reality we by mistake attribute to them, are in truth nothing in the objects themselves, but powers to produce various sensations in us†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (John Locke, 77). In other words, secondary qualities are dependent on the primary qualities. According to Locke, ideas are anything that is â€Å"the immediate object of perception, thought, or understanding† (William Lawhead, 91). Locke states that sensation and reflection are classified as simple and complex ideas. Simple ideas are red, yellow, hard, soft, etc and for example, you touch an ice cube, your mind is telling you its cold and it’s hard, you learn that from experience. Locke believed that the mind cannot know an inexperienced idea or create a new simple idea. Although the mind cannot create simple ideas, it can process them into complex ideas. Complex ideas are made up of several simple ideas, such as beauty, gratitude, a man, an army, the universe. Complex ideas are also broken down into three parts: ideas of substance which is a constant collection of simple ideas, ideas of mode which is a combination of several ideas, which form a mode, like a triangle, last but not least ideas of relationship, which is a comparison of one idea to another. From experience it goes to sensation and reflection, and those are based on simple ideas and that’s all contained in the passive mind, after simple ideas it goes to complex ideas and that’s located in the active mind. Overall in Locke’s theory he uses epistemological dualism, which is the mind that consists of knowing and its ideas. He also states the object in the external world is known by ideas, and our ideas represent those objects. After researching about Locke’s theory of knowledge I would have to agree with what he has stated. Locke states that you go through an internal and external experience and I feel that today’s youth do go through the motions of the internal and external experiences. As a result the youth are able to gain the knowledge from those experiences by allowing the mind to willingly accept these new ideas. For example, when I was younger I put my hand near a hot stove and from the heat irritating and pressuring my hand my mind told me it was a negative stimuli and it was essential to remove my hand from the stove and to keep that memory as a basic instinct. Society goes through experiences throughout life of internal and external and eventually gains knowledge through these experiences. John Locke also stated that the mind does all the knowing and its ideas are known. I agree with what he is saying because your mind is always working, it’s always active, we receive ideas internally through our mind and we receive ideas from the outside that goes into our mind. The balance is necessary between internal and external factors to keep society and individuals stable and yet progressive to adapt to new changes that rise up.