ISIS and Lone-Wolf Terrorism :: Lone-Actor Terrorists

Contrary to many peoples hopes, the rise of ISIS confirms that the war on holy terror isnt over. In the post 9/11 era, stricter security measures, technological advancements, and anti-terror campaigns impede large-scale terrorist attacks. Consequently, terrorist organizations are utilizing a new, more elusive modus operandi, developed by AL-Queida, to harm civilians alone(predicate)ly(prenominal) wolf terrorism.According to the International Centre for the Study of Radicalization and Political Violence, ISIS new strategy is terrorizing the West asymmetrically through individuals inside of Western countries. Though unconventional, lone wolf terrorism is no less dangerous, a sad truth that became all too real for the victims claimed by these attacks. This game changing strategy disguises terror among average citizens, enabling it to be everywhere, anywhere and nowhere all at once, effectively making anonymity the new face of terror.Matthew Francis, a researcher on radicalization and extremism, affirmed that This will undoubtedly be one of the lures of the tactic, because it makes terrorists harder to find. The ominous threat of attack inspired by lone wolves has a profound psychological repair on a society, creating tension, polarization and terror. However, justice will be served. In the words of Joe Biden The American people are so a great deal stronger, so much more resolved than any enemy can fully understand...when people harm Americans we dont retreat, we dont forget. We will follow them to the provide of hell until they are brought to justice, because hell is where they will reside.

The Impact of Technology on a Home Schooled Education Essay -- essays

The Impact of Technology on a Home Schooled Education The field of technology is constantly improving, expanding, and changing. Over the past decade, Internet hire and web-based communication have sky rocketed, enabling businesses, families, schools, and students to communicate more efficiently. An abundance of information is now available, literally, at the click of a button. This decade-long expansion of technology has had a remarkable impact on the effectiveness of plateful schooling, making sources available in seconds and instilling valuable life skills in each student that ar vital for a successful future in this world of technological growth. The purpose of this research paper is to illustrate the positive impact of emerging technologies on home-schooled children, to demonstrate how technology is improving the effectiveness of these learning environments, and to display the augmentation of educational possibilities for students. The impact of the Internet and the grea t quantity of its use in public and home schools has grown tremendously over the past decade. Now, many children have the luxury of logging onto an instant messenger program to chat with friends instantaneously or indicate into their personal email accounts to check new messages. Years ago, the idea of email was unheard of and unknown of to most. Suddenly it seemed that practically overnight, everyone had a personal email account. With this came the run-in Youve got mail, and there began a new era.Email gave home-schooled students the advantage of being able to connect with others students easily. It connected students who await next door to each other to students who live in a complete different country. Email has facilitated the process of ... ...ademic Search/EBSCO database. Eichenlaub, N. (1999, November 28). E-Home Schooling The Impact of the Internet on Home Schooling. Retrieved March 10 from the orb Wide Web http//www.slais.ubc.ca/people/students/student-proje cts/N_Eichenlaub/500-WWW/references.htm Strauss, Howard. (1999). The Future of the Web, Intelligent Devices, and Education. Educom Review, Volume 34 Number 4. Retrieved April 15, 2003 from the EDUCAUSE database on the World Wide Web http//www.educause.edu/ir/library/hypertext markup language/erm9944.html Shemitz, J. (2002, December 29). Jons Home school Page. Retrieved April 10, 2003 from the World Wide Web http//www.midnightbeach.com/hs/ Rutkowski, Kathleen. (1998, May/June). Home school Pioneers on the Web. Voices of the Web. Retrieved April 9,. 2003 from the World Wide Web http//www.infotoday.com/MMSchools/may98/voic0598.htm

Ireland and Irish Nationalism in the Poetry of William Butler Yeats Ess

Ireland and Irish Nationalism in the Poetry of William butler YeatsWilliam Butler Yeats was an Irish poet, a dramatist, and a prose writer - nonpareil of the greatest English-language poets of the twentieth century. (Yeats 1) His early poetry and drama acquired musical themes from Irish fable and arcane study. (Eiermann 1) Yeats used the themes of nationalism, license from oppression, social division, and unity when writing about his country. Yeats, an Irish nationalist, used the three poems, To Ireland in the Coming clock, September 1913 and Easter 1916 which revealed an expression of his feelings about the War of Irish Independence through theme, mood and figurative language.The theme of nationalism dominates in To Ireland in the Coming eons and in Easter 1916. In the former poem, Yeats suggested the idea of Irish brotherhood to achieve justice for Ireland, True brother of a company, that sang, to sweeten Irelands wrong (Finneran 50). Although he wanted to fight for Ireland s freedom, he did not participate in any military activities. Instead, he used songs and poems to reflect the situation in IrelandI cast my heart into my rhymes,That you, in the dull coming times,May know how my heart went with them (Finneran 51)In the latter poem, he mentioned the names of the national heroes such as MacDonagh who died for the rebellion (Abrams 2308) and said, Now and in time to be, / Whenever green is worn, (Finneran 182). Green, being the colour of the soldiers uniforms and also the national colour of Ireland, alluded that the war was still going on in Ireland.The theme of freedom from oppression was introduced in September 1913. Although Yeats loved his country, he often criticized it. He left Ireland after he publish... ...d support the themes and moods that he used in different poems and he persuaded his readers to call back what he said was true. When comparing these three different elements in the poems, mood is the most effective technique since natio nalism is based on the emotions one feels for ones country. The mood is what links the themes and figurative language that attract readers attention.BibliographyWorks Cited ListAbrams, M. H. et al. The Norton Anthology of English Literature. 5th ed. New York W. W. Norton & Company, Inc., 1986.Eiermann, Katharena. Katharenas The Magic of Yeats. Yeats Life and Times http//members.aol.com/KatharenaE/private/Pweek/Yeats/YLife.html (17 Feb. 2001).Finneran, Richard J. The Collected Poems of W. B. Yeats. 2nd ed. New York Simon & Schuster Inc., 1996.Yeats, William Butler. Microsoft Encarta Encyclopedia. 1996 ed.

Vikings and the First American Colony Essay -- American America Histor

Vikings and the First American ColonyThe idea that Columbus did not provide Europeans with their first long term contact with America is now almost universally accepted. Activists for the Irish monk, St. Brenden, and other early explorers are gaining support with new archaeological evidence. It is the Norsemen, though, that shake the distinction of being the first colonizers of the Americas, whether or not accident meetings occurred before. The legacy they left the Americas is striking considering the short amount of time they actually spent here, and historians are baffled by nearly every aspect of their colonization. The forces that make them abandon Vineland, their main colony, are the subject of an ongoing debate on both sides of the Atlantic. The nature, location, and inhabitants of the Americas the Vikings knew would all have been obstacles to forming a permanent settlement. The economy, the driving force for colonization, to a fault affected the need for Vineland. The peni nsula in the northwest corner of Europe known as Jutland has been inhabited by Scandinavians for centuries. Ptolmey writes about the area and Roman artifacts have been found during excavations of Norway and Sweeden demonstrating considerable contact with southern Europe (Wilson 21-23) Literacy is indicated by the Runes which first appeared at the beginning of the third century. The Runic alphabet has changed and evolved through the years, and claims of inscriprions expatriation the unite States and are largey the basis on knowledge of Viking presence (Wilson 27). During the first century, Europeans embarked on a period of great migration, a time of great wealth and successfulness for the Scandinavians. One cause was the settlement of a new territory on the basis of an eco... ...ed factual. Other sites in Greenland substantiate the sagas and we can rely on them for data regarding the Viking exploration of America. They do not, unfortunately, tell us the precise location of Vinela nd, so many aspects of the Viking adventures remain a mystery. For now, historians credit Vikings with the first European discovery of America. The colony was not permanent, but the legacy the Vikings left is seen in many places like Cape Cod where street names like Leif Lane and Viking Way dot the maps. Historians may never know all the details concerning why settlement did not last. For now the evidence points to skirmishes with the natives, the long distance from Greenland, the population shortage and the infixed environmental factors. The Vikings were here for an instant and, for various reasons abandoned their settlement, leaving their mark forever.

Refutation: The Story of Bigger Thomas ( Native Son ) :: essays research papers

In Darryl Pinckneys discerning critical essay, Richard Wright The Unnatural History of a ingrained Son, Pinckney states that all of Wrights books contain the themes of violence, in humanityity, rage, and fear. Wright writes about these themes because he expresses, in his books, his convictions about his own struggles with racial oppression, the brutal realities of his early life. Pinckney claims that Wrights works are queer for Wrights works did not attempt to incite whites to acknowledge blacks. Wright does not write to preach that blacks are equal to whites. The characters in Wrights works, including Bigger doubting Thomas from autochthonic Son, are not all pure in heart the characters have psychological burdens and act upon their burdens. For instance, Bigger Thomas, long under racial oppression, out of the blue suffocates Mary Dalton in her room for fear that he will be discriminated against and charged with the rape of Mary Dalton. Also, according to Pinckney, although the characters of Wrights books are under these psychological burdens, they always have futile hopes and desires. At the end of Native Son, Bigger is enlightened by the way his lawyer Max treats him, with the respect of a human being. Bigger then desires nothing but to live, but he has been sentenced to death.Although Pinckney expresses many strong points in his critical essay, he also reveals weak points. For example, Pinckney mentions that Wright is neither a black leader such as Malcolm X nor a writer with any strong background in American literature, yet Pinckney implicitly states that Wright is a great writer and that one must analyze his past to understand how he is a great writer. In that perspective, he also commends Wrights book, Native Son. He statesNative Son is unmatched in its powerIt is not true as Baldwin claims that Bigger Thomas, the doomed, frustrated black boy, is just another classextreme in his wish to injure himself and do injury to othersPinckney praises Native S on as a powerful intellectual book that deals with issues of racism and oppression. He says explicitly that it is the most powerful book, but it is unclear what domain of books Pinckney is comparing Native Son with. Pinckney refutes James Baldwins statement about Native Son, maxim that Bigger Thomas is not a mere stereotype, but an example of a stressed black boy of the racially segregated American beau monde during the 1930s. It is true that Bigger Thomas is a victim of a racially segregated society.

Refutation: The Story of Bigger Thomas ( Native Son ) :: essays research papers

In Darryl Pinckneys discerning critical essay, Richard Wright The Unnatural History of a Native Son, Pinckney states that alone of Wrights books contain the themes of violence, inhumanity, rage, and attention. Wright writes some these themes because he expresses, in his books, his convictions about his own struggles with racial oppression, the brutal realities of his early life. Pinckney claims that Wrights works are unique for Wrights works did not assay to incite whites to acknowledge blacks. Wright does not write to preach that blacks are equal to whites. The characters in Wrights works, including Bigger Thomas from Native Son, are not all pure in heart the characters have psychological burdens and act upon their burdens. For instance, Bigger Thomas, long under racial oppression, accidentally suffocates Mary Dalton in her room for fear that he will be discriminated against and charged with the rape of Mary Dalton. Also, according to Pinckney, although the characters of Wright s books are under these psychological burdens, they always have futile hopes and desires. At the end of Native Son, Bigger is enlightened by the way his lawyer Max treats him, with the respect of a human being. Bigger then desires nothing only to live, hardly he has been sentenced to death.Although Pinckney expresses many strong points in his critical essay, he also reveals weak points. For example, Pinckney mentions that Wright is neither a black leader such as Malcolm X nor a writer with any strong background in American literature, yet Pinckney implicitly states that Wright is a great writer and that one mustiness analyze his past to understand how he is a great writer. In that perspective, he also commends Wrights book, Native Son. He statesNative Son is curious in its powerIt is not true as Baldwin claims that Bigger Thomas, the doomed, frustrated black boy, is just another stereotypeextreme in his wish to bruise himself and do injury to othersPinckney praises Native Son a s a powerful intellectual book that deals with issues of racism and oppression. He says explicitly that it is the most powerful book, but it is unclear what domain of books Pinckney is comparing Native Son with. Pinckney refutes James Baldwins statement about Native Son, saying that Bigger Thomas is not a mere stereotype, but an example of a stressed black boy of the racially segregated American society during the 1930s. It is true that Bigger Thomas is a victim of a racially segregated society.

The Similarities and Differences Between Professional Football and Basketball

humanism A new concept of human individuality, originating in the citystates of fourteenth- and fifteenth-century Italy, that was based on desire for faithfulness in scholarship, creative work, and education. The humanist movement spread to northern Europe, France, England, and elsewhere, and continued to flourish until the mid-seventeenth century. Among its more familiar literary figures be, in Italy, Dante Alighieri, Francesco Petrarca (known as Petrarch), Giovanni Boccaccio, Baldassare Castiglione, and Niccolo Machiavelli in England, Thomas More, Francis Bacon, and John Milton in France, Francois Rabelais and Michel de Montaigne.Books setting forth an ideal of the well-formed individual, ruler, or commonwealth are a major aspect of the humanist movement, from Leonardo Brunis Dialogues ( ? ) to Roger Aschams Schoolmaster ( ), Machiavellis The Prince ( , publ. ), Castigliones The Courtier (ca. , publ. ), and Mores Utopia ( ). Du visit the Renaissance the term humanista meant n othing more than a teacher of Latin. But the Latin classics proved to be the key to the eras renewed understanding of the individuals goals and ideas.Latin authors addressed issues like the self-respect of man, the role of fate, and the strength of human will the factors in life that make for human happiness, or flourishing. secular humanism 145 (Greek was somewhat less familiar, at to the lowest degree at first, among the humanists Petrarch and Dante could not read it. ) The Renaissances new studia humanitatis contrasts with the earlier medieval version of education, which consisted of the trivium (grammar, rhetoric, and dialectic) and the quadrivium (arithmetic, music, geometry, and astronomy).In the medieval scheme, there was little room for the study of annals or moral philosophy. Now, though, education could be based on the ethical ideas suggested by the ancients in their literary and philosophical speculations. The key terms of the Italian humanists are fame, fortune, glor y, and virtue. They go steady creative achievement and knowledge as heroic tasks, analogous to the brave deeds of conquerors and emperors. In the Middle Ages, prior to the humanist revolution, the sense of floor was providential, based on the sacred narrative of the Bible, and moving from creation to revelation and edemption. (Saint Augustines City of God / was the major commentary on this narrative. ) In the Italian Renaissance, with political life controlled by rivalrous city-states, history became a matter of daring strategy, not scriptural validation. Providential history did not disappear, of course it was a significant influence in the Reformation. But it had been challenged. Another aspect of the humanist movement was its sense of intimacy with the classical past. Petrarch wrote a series of familiar letter addressed to Homer, Virgil, Cicero, Livy, and others.Allied to this closeness with antiquity was a desire to correct the distortions of ancient texts, to rec everywhe re them in their original fullness. The ambition to search for the source characterized the humanist posture toward religious texts and ideas. The great Netherlandish humanist Desiderius Erasmus translated the New Testament into Latin ( ), saving the sacred text from the errors committed in the Vulgate (the medieval Latin Bible, in the universally read version produced by Saint Jerome). In an effort analogous to his philological study of the original text of the Bible, Erasmus in his Colloquies ( reacted against the medieval corruptions of church hierarchy. by means of his description in the Colloquies of friendly, egalitarian conversation on both spiritual and worldly matters, he tried to regain the original ethical ideal of Christian community and decency a humorous, liberal-minded fellowship. For humanists like Castiglione in The Courtier, the self became a work of art, with the individuals knowledge and skill informed by proportion and 146 HUMANISM grace ( Joseph Mazzeo). The S wiss historian Jacob Burckhardt, in his great Civilization of the Renaissance in Italy ( , first described the ambition of figures like Leonardo da Vinci and the intriguer Leon Battista Alberti to become the uomo universale, or universal man. Here Burckhardt evokes the supremely well-rounded, eccentrically talented Alberti (who became worldfamous as the inventor of the laws of perspective) In all by which praise is won, Leon Battista was from childhood the first . . . with his feet together, he could spring over a mans head . . . in the cathedral, he threw a coin in the air till it was heard to ring against the distant roof. . . He acquired every sort of accomplishment and dexterity, cross-examining artists, scholars and artisans of all descriptions, down to the cobblers, about the secrets and peculiarities of their craft. . . . He also wrote an Italian treatise on domestic life in four books and even a funeral oration on his dog. . . . And all that he had and knew he imparted, as rich natures always do, without the least reserve, giving away his brain discoveries for nothing. Burckhardt concludes by remarking, of this godlike lusus naturae, that an iron will pervaded and sustained his whole personality. Alberti proved that the individual can do anything, and with perfect style. The humanist was an intellectual hero and adventurer. His touch in magic and mystical lore, like Francis Bacons devotion to science, was a way to achieve power over the secret sources of nature. For Pico della Mirandola, author of the Oration on the Dignity of Man ( ), the human self was distinguished by flexibility and aspiration, and was capable of raising itself almost to divine level wrestling successfully with the Protean, the endlessly various, character of Gods creation.The Renaissance is the real home of humanism. But Victorian sages like Matthew Arnold, Thomas Carlyle, and John Ruskin shared the humanist belief in individual aspiration and excellence, necessarily grounded in the strength of the surrounding culture. Their concerns lived on in the works of American critics a hundred years later for example, Lionel trill and Irving Howe. In the early twentieth century, a new humanism was promoted by the literary critics Irving Babbitt and Paul Elmer More, who reacted against the overly specialized aspects of philology as it was thence practiced.But Babbitt and More were felt to be too vaguely emotive, their moralizing too glib. When critics like Robert Penn Warren and Cleanth Brooks turned, in the s, toward a stricter consideration of the technical aspects of poetic lan- HUMANISM 147 guage, they were in fact promoting another version of the humanist ideal man as the hero of articulation, expressing his precarious and uniquely complicated existence, and competitiveness with the weapons of skilled ambiguity, irony, and paradox (see NC ). Humanism can be a pejorative term in current literary and heathenish criticism, especially in the disciplines of c ultural studies and new historicism. This turn began with the philosopher Martin Heidegger, whose Letter on Humanism ( ) criticized Jean-Paul Sartre for his humanist existentialism. Heidegger asserted that man, Sartres focus, was a limited concept and should be superseded by the notion of be (in German, Sein or Dasein, two distinct but related terms).Later philosophers like Michel Foucault and Jacques Derrida, both highly influential in literary studies, followed Heideggers lead in wondering(a) the centrality of the human. But humanism always seems to return, if humanism is understood as the commitment to asking whether particular goals, practices, and ideas serve or damage the hope for human excellence and happiness. The definition of humanist ideals remains a constant concern of philosophy and cultural commentary, as seen recently in the works of thinkers like Martha Nussbaum and Tzvetan Todorov.On Renaissance ideas of humanism, see Joseph Mazzeo, Renaissance and Revolution ( ) Paul Oskar Kristeller, Renaissance Thought ( ) Hans Baron, The Crisis of the Early Italian Renaissance ( ) Eugenio Garin, Italian Humanism ( ) and Thomas M. Greene, The Vulnerable Text ( ). Constance Jordan provides an interesting line of Renaissance humanism in its attitude toward women in Renaissance Feminism ( ). Rebecca Bushnell in A Culture of Teaching ( ) connects Renaissance ideals with contemporary American debates over education.

Agriculture in India Essay Essay

India ranks second worldwide in farm output. Agriculture and confederate sectors like forestry, logging and fishing accounted for 18.6% of the GDP in 2005, employed 60% of the total workforce7 and despite a steady decline of its sh ar in the GDP, is unsounded the largest economic sector and plays a significant role in the overall socio-economic development of India. Yields per unit area of all crops have grown since 1950, due to the superfluous emphasis placed on agriculture in the five-year plans and steady improvements in irrigation, technology, application of modern agricultural practices and provision of agricultural credit and subsidies since the green revolution.citation neededIndia is the largest producer in the world of milk, cashew nuts, coconuts, tea, ginger, turmeric and black pepper.8 It also has the worlds largest cattle population (193 million).9 It is the second largest producer of wheat, rice, sugar, groundnut and inland fish.10 It is the terce largest producer o f tobacco.10 India accounts for 10% of the world fruit production with first rank in the production of banana and sapota.10The required level of investment for the development of marketing, storehouse and cold storage infrastructure is estimated to be huge. The government has implemented various schemes to raise investment in marketing infrastructure. Among these schemes are Construction of Rural Go downs, Market Research and Information Network, and Development / Strengthening of Agricultural Marketing Infrastructure, Grading and Standardization.11Main problems in the agricultural sector, as listed by the World Bank, are12* Indias large agricultural subsidies are hampering productivity-enhancing investment. * Overregulation of agriculture has increased costs, price risks and uncertainty. * Government interventions in labour, land, and credit markets. * Inadequate infrastructure and services.Research and developmentThe Indian Agricultural Research Institute (IARI), established in 1 905, was responsible for the research leading to the Indian Green Revolution of the 1970s. The Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR) is the blossom body in kundiure and related allied fields, including research and education.13 The Union Minister of Agriculture is the President of the ICAR. The Indian Agricultural Statistics Research Institute develops new techniques for the aim of agricultural experiments, analyses data in agriculture, and specializes in statistical techniques for animal and plant breeding. Prof. M.S. Swaminathan is known as Father of the Green Revolution and heads the MS Swaminathan Research Foundation.14 He is known for his advocacy of environmentally sustainable agriculture and sustainable food security.

Behavior therapy and ADHD

attention deficit hyperactivity illness is Attention-deficit Hyperactivity Dis put which is a biopsychosocial disorder or neuro carriageal problem characterized by numerous problems including hyperactivity, inattention and impulsivity. These problems pose a mount of difficulties in learning at sh in allow, home, at work and in relationships. About 3%-5% of pincerren are moved(p) by this problem out of which 30%-70% bear upon to show symptoms even to adulthood (Curtis, 2008).The symptoms associated with ADHD are of three types. One is having attention deficiencies in that the touch person is distracted very easily and alike exhibits difficulties foc utilise on a given task.Secondly, the patient is prone to doing things before thinking about the consequences or the impacts they would shake off on themselves and the people around them. For instance, sightly too angry than the situation calls for, laughing or talking too loud, teens and adults may hurriedly make decisions that would impact the rest of their lives negatively like sp shutdown money recklessly. The third type of symptom is hyperactivity in which affected children may fidget, run around at inappropriate whiles or squirm fleck adults and teens are restless and are unable to enjoy their quiet times or studying (Curtis, 2008).ADHD ca substance ab drops lavatory be attributed to biological, social, experiential and strong genetic factors. The use of medication for treating this condition is not without serious side make. By adopting wayal approaches, the myriad of challenges faced by the affected children much(prenominal)(prenominal) as school failure, school drop out, behavioural disorders, depression, relationship and vocational problems discharge be significantly reduced and in evidence overcome instead of relying on medications which totally add much problems by causing serious side effects and whose long term outcome poses a threat to the livelihood of the patient.Moreover, wh ether a child is affected by ADHD or not, such problems associated with ADHD may still be evident in psychologically healthy children. This paper go out discuss how wish of adequately monitoring and controlling behavioral patterns at early childhood has goed in numerous parents branding their children ADHD affected. It will show how behavioral strategies can be used extensively to deal with behavioral problems which may be mis tearnly associated ADHD.Instead of using medications which cause more than harm to the children to whom they are regularised, the paper will justify by use of real and practical typefaces of other approaches which if well applied would eliminate the harms of relying on medicine. 2. 0 Why medication is not a remedy for treating ADHD Though there are several documented benefits associated with using stimulant medication for treating ADHD, it has not offered a complete remedy cod to a number of reasons.It is first of all worth noting that the side effects caused by this medication impedes its administration on a prolonged basis and second no real benefits are accrued from medication for up to 20% of children claimed to be affected by ADHD (Rabiner, 2009). Another thing is that ADHD has patriarchal symptoms in addition to other associated problems which cannot be alleviated by medication and therefore the need for employing other means. In addition, some children and many teenagers are powerfully opposed to taking medicine which creates more problems when they are forced to take the medication.Moreover, management of children behavior can be effectively done even without the use of medication especially when the symptoms are relatively mild. This can be done through strategies such as official reinforcement and punishment. 2. 1 Side effects of stimulant medications A stimulant is the commonly used type of medication whose action produces a calming effect on the patient. Other medications are non-stimulants and their stylus of acti on differs from that of the stimulants. There are several side effects caused by the use of stimulants in treating ADHD.The common ones are sleep problems, decreased appetite, irritability, and anxiety in addition to few cases of headaches and stomachaches. There are in addition other side effects which are less common including some children developing sudden sounds or repetitive movements known as tics and change in personality in which some children appear to be without emotions (nimh. nih. gov, 2009). The US Food and Drug Administration have also warned against possible side effects which though rare may cause fatal consequences. It has pointed that the use of ADHD medication may cause psychiatrical or possible cardiovascular problems.The medication-related psychiatric problems include becoming suspicious without any reason, hallucinations, hearing voices and becoming manic even among patients with no history of psychiatric complications. In addition, atomoxetine as one of ADH D medication has been found to cause increased suicidal thoughts in teenagers and children who take the medication than those who do not take it (nimh. nih. gov, 2009). Other non-medical treatment measures are therefore no doubt necessary to combat ADHD in a more safe, effective and easy way. 3. 0 Behavioral treatment for ADHDThis is also referred to as behavior management or behavior therapy whose basis of operation is pegged to the simple understanding of why children would want to coiffe or act in a socially acceptable room. There are three reasons for this one being that children are inclined towards pleasing their parents by doing the recompense things and through this they feel good about themselves when the parents commend and applaud their positive behavior. This is because children are strongly motivated when the relationship with their parents is positive.Another reason is that children want to assume well so as to benefit from the positive consequences that rewards an d privileges associated with good behavior. The last basic reason is that children would want to avoid the repercussions of acting inappropriately such as being punished. Therefore, behavior therapy endeavors in enhancing the desire to embrace commendable behavior by all children whether affected with ADHD or not in order to please their parents and also to get positive consequences by behaving correctly.At the same time, inappropriate behavior is suppressed and highly discouraged by creating an environment which guarantees negative consequences after displaying undesirable behavior (Rabiner, 2009). Lack of understanding of this important concept has resulted in many parents making incorrect decisions such as taking their children to psychiatrists who may prescribe medicine for ADHD only to cause health problems to the children who are absolutely normal.Through the efforts of parents and their children, the tools of this approach can be effectively applied to do away with such predi caments and unwarranted over reliance on medicine since the practicability of the method carries no doubt. There are incompatible tools that are essential for positive behavior outcome to be achieved. 3. 1 Positive Reinforcement This is based on the understanding that children would be motivated to behave positively if by doing this there is a reward or positive consequences to be gained.This therefore calls for the parent to devise means of increasing the frequency of good behavior by simply offering a reward when the child displays good behavior. The parent ought to be keen on noticing the desired behavior such as putting away toys or playing quietly and not hesitating to comment on the behavior. This approach also entails helping the child to understand what the parent wants him or her to do and ensuring that positive comments or praise is directed to the child every time the behavior occurs.The logic behind these social rewards is that the desire of the child to behave well is enhance by realizing that the parents are keen to notice and appreciate them (Rabiner, 2009). This keeps at bay defiant or undesirable behavior for which most may be tempted to regard using medicine. Apart from social rewards, tangible rewards are a form of positive reinforcement. Parents should be enthusiastic to give tokens or privileges to children whether affected with ADHD or not every time positive behavior occurs. This enhances compliance and obedience to requests made by parents.For instance, a parent can explain to a child that each time a request is obeyed, a point is earned. The accumulated points can then be used to obtain a privilege such as access to computer time. 3. 2 Punishing appropriately Punishment is an appropriate strategy to use especially when the behavior is as a result of direct non-compliance or violation of rules. However, punishment cannot be done in solidarity and expect that it will change the long term behavior of children whether ADHD affected or n ot. Rather, it should always be accompanied with a managing strategy so as to precipitate the anticipated results.The logic behind punishment is that every time a certain behavior is accompanied with consistent negative consequences, the frequency and intensity with which it will occur over time will diminish and eventually disappear. The child should be made to understand that every time the behavioral expectations are not met, negative consequences are always the result and that bad behavior has absolutely no pay-off. Many parents have failed to apply this important approach resulting in a rise in inappropriate behavior and poor cognitive process in academics by many children.Due to this kind of reluctance on the side of the parent, many normal children have continuously displayed defiance and many have resulted into using antipsychotic medicine on these children in an effort to curb the problem. Punishment is critical in stopping negative behavior and can take many forms such as reprimands, detention, criticism, extra work, and corporal punishment (kidscoinsproductions. com, n. d). The different forms of punishment should be used interchangeably so that if one fails to give the expected change, a different one is employed.3. 3 Response cost techniques This refers to different forms of punishment in which the likelihood of losing what has already been earned is determined entirely by the elbow room of behavior or conduct of a child. Parents with children displaying inappropriate behavior can apply this practical approach to influence their behavior instead of making the conclusion that ADHD is the problem. Its effectiveness is as good as those of giving social and tangible rewards but is especially suitable when used in older children and teens.An example would be to start by giving the whole token say $5 at the start of the week instead of giving it at the end of the week after the child has behaved as expected. This allowance may be placed somewhere in a transparent vessel and a covenant made to the child that as long appropriate behavior is maintained throughout the agreed time period, all the $5. 00 belongs to the child. Whenever the child violates the agreed upon set of rules, a dollar is removed from the vessel and this continues to the end of the week upon which the child gets whatever is remaining (Goldstein, 1999).This is a good way of making the child work effortful to maintain appropriate behavior so as not to lose the already available reward. 3. 4 Special time Children sometimes find themselves having frustrations caused different challenges they face at school or even at home which can easily jeopardize the good relationship between them and their parents. The frustrations can also be caused by mood swings or being disappointed with friends which thus does not mean that they are having ADHD.These frustrations can create feelings of anger and trigger conflicts which only put the children-parent relationship at risk wit h the good times completely dwindling if the situation is not strategically contained. With the understanding of how behavior therapy works, parents can trespass on the natural inclination of children to please their parents when relationships are positive. This calls for the creation of a special time program whose entire focus is mending the badly affected feelings between parent and child.The parent can allocate at least 30 minutes everyday which is designated special time for the child during which the child can choose the desirable activity which must be commensurate with the purpose of the program (Rabiner, 2009). The parent ought not to give commands or ask a distribute of questions during this time and the whole focus should be having quality time with the child. The parent should tune into the activity of the child in a complementary and interested manner such that the child will become more motivated to carry on with the activity.The parent should express the feelings of being pleased by for instance commenting positively on the efforts of the child. With time, the natural inclination to please the parent will find its way in and the child will now focus on doing it right and avoiding anything that would displease the parent. Through this, limit setting and discipline is done with ease. 3. 5 Non-Compliance vs. Incompetence Children whether having ADHD or not may display non-compliance to given rules or instructions and therefore there needs to be effective means of dealing with this problem as early as possible in the life of the child.The best way to overcome non-compliance is through manipulating and applying different consequences with the most effective being that of negative consequences through different forms of punishment. On the other hand, children who display incompetence for instance in understanding academic concepts in school should be helped through intensive skill building and educational training. Such children should also be allow ed to make choices of what activity they feel they are capable of excelling in. This calls for the parents and teachers to be highly observant and assist the children to make the appropriate choices.This will eliminate the misplaced thoughts in such children that they are incapable of performing which is a source of depression and hopelessness which creates more defiant behavior. Instead of hastening to use medicine with the notion that ADHD has clipped in, such practical approaches are the best since they help avoid the harms associated with using drugs. 4. 0 Conclusion ADHD may be a disorder which is in existence or not but either way, lack of proper use of practical means to ensure sustainable appropriate behavior has resulted in many kids in the US being labeled ADHD-affected.The consequences of using medication to improve behavior and school performance have only created more problems than solutions which indicate that the right approaches are not yet exploited. Behavioral ther apy as opposed to chemotherapy ought to be upheld and strategies like punishment properly used by parents and teachers. Assumptions that all behavioral problems emanate from a mental disorder should not be made. References Curtis, J. (2008). Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder What It Is and Who Is Affected. Retrieved July 22, 2010, from http//www. health. com/health/condition-article/0,,20251884,00. html Goldstein, S.(1999). The Facts About ADHD. Retrieved July 22, 2010, from http//www. samgoldstein. com/node/21 kidscoinsproductions. com. (n. d). Designing a Behavioural Modification Program. Retrieved July 22, 2010, from http//www. kidscoinsproductions. com/Research/Behavioural_mgt. htm nimh. nih. gov. (2009). Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). Retrieved July 22, 2010, from http//www. nimh. nih. gov/health/publications/attention-deficit-hyperactivity-disorder/complete-index. shtml Rabiner, D. (2009). Behavioral Treatment for ADHD An Overview. Retrieved July 22, 2 010, from http//www. athealth. com/Consumer/farticles/Rabiner. html

Mmsd Food Service Case Study

MMSD Food Service Case Study The Madison metropolitan School govern in Madison, Wisconsin has g ace by dint of loads of modifications since the year 1965. They decl atomic number 18 grown in different ways such as proportions, and also changed the meals programs, consolidated in certain argonas, and contracted with other programs.They have gotten missed on some calculates, and have gained and lost money, they have even had different sets of rules and politics that they have dealt with. But even as the challenges have semen and the changes are continuously made there is a constant (if at sometimes slow) positive and steady progress There are many tips to found towards the victuals service cropion manager of the Madison Metropolitan School District.First, it is so serious for them to stay up with the times and also with the politics involving give lessons food service. This bathroom play a pivotal role in several ways starting with things like how long children are given to release their meals and even how clean the school eating area are there are also guidelines that need to be followed when it stick tos to the actual nutrition of the food.Second, staying with the times and well-read what the current food trends for breakfast, lunch, and also all of the options for items offered individually can champion tremendously in avoiding unsatisfied customers or children The last suggestion that I would illuminate would be to pay attention to the current economy to go through they will find the best staff at a decent cost, volunteers could also serve in this area. If these suggestions were put into enjoyment it would be a greater long-term advantage to the MMSD.The impact from the current economic and political conditions on MMSD in the future day will mainly concentrate on cost and health or nutrition. The industry does want to offer healthier choices for the students but these healthier options often come at a greater cost and this can have a huge economical impact on the MMSD. The political influence changing and qualification crude laws, having to worry with childhood obesity, and regulating diet will impact MMSD it will be difficult to stay on the right track and with the new regulations and rules and still be economically sound with the added cost of more alimentary options. Madison Metropolitan School District comes with an open foodservice program. This open system features a mixture of business inputs and outputs concentrating on economic, psychological, and sociological factors (Payne-Palacio, 2005). This technique can also be interdependent through the impacts and interactions it has using the environment. These types of inputs include money, raw(a) materials, time, equipment, amenities, and personnel. The outputs would be the stainless products a la carte items, well prepared meals, and catered events. Mission Statement Madison Metropolitan School District is foc utilize providing all of its students with nutr itious and benevolent food options in a safe, clean and attractive atmosphere. Our staff is deeply devoted to working together with each other and the students to guarantee that each of the students has nutritious means and that we also make and keep an efficient plan in place that remains economically sound. MMSD Foodservice Program Illustration Together with the Madison Metropolitan School District creation so disseminate to service all 40 individual schools, you will definitely find some challenges present in the food safety area.Thankfully there is a science related meal specialist that is used by the school district that works round the time full time to help put into use and utilize and asses programs along with the Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Point (HACCP). The main and well-nigh important concern is proper food handling techniques. Using the high turnover and also the language barrier due to a diversified staff, pedagogy gets a challenge. The MMSD has set up t heir very own requirements of successfully completing the SERVSAFE food safety course by intimately if non all their employees.This can help in ensuring every employee is properly trained. Additionally, theyve taken precautionary steps with products to lessen the chance of pathogens within the operation. The meals service for MMSD serves mainly an extremely susceptible population since most of their customers are children. To be able to assist in lowering the risks towards the children, the meals safety manager must adapt their recipes to satisfy HACCP principles. The send-off process should begin with those recipes including raw eggs, poultry, meat, as well as dairy food (Payne-Palacio, 2005).MMSD does not permit any kind of raw meats brought into their facilities that they are taking the proper and highest precautions and doing their best to ensure the safety of the food and in turn the safety of the children they are serving. As being a new quality control manager at MMSD, the rating procedure for the present cleaning program is actually a challenge. The very first suggestion is always to discuss with the representatives of laboratories and also have them supply you with the training or the employees so that the information can be taught and carried on to other employees.The schools that dont possess a current cleaning program in place most likely dont have dish washing machines and are the primary schools which only receive pre-packs in disposable containers or things like individually packaged payoff cups, yogurt, cartons of milk or packages of crackers. This doesnt mean they just dont need to find out how you can properly clean other locations employees need to know what the proper techniques are for all locations whether or not they have pre packaged foods or the foods are prepared on site.Procedures need to be setup including guidelines and rules as to temperature of water, detergents, surface being washed, what things to use to wash it, and whats being re rifled. This regularity will include every surface food touches. The foodservice program at MMSD has several queer characteristics which have to be taken into account when planning their menus. Some of the most important areas and aspects are cost and food selection popularity (Payne-Palacio, 2005), but theyre only some of the points to consider.Using the diversity from the composition from the school types, the initial characteristics also change. The elementary schools have to meet particular agribusiness nutrient options, whereas middle schools or high schools may be used as the standard food for other schools to follow. Some other things that need to be considered are food options as well as ongoing defy from the surrounding community. The Wisconsin Homegrown Lunch project is really a unique program concentrating on including locally grown foods. Its a direct effect on not merely the schools and also the farmers, however the community in general.The decision by MMSD to change some of its vendors within the program from the competitive bid method will still come with some problems and issues as with any program. The main concern is the costs and whether or not they become too much in time. Inflation can be an issue, but regular auditing from the invoices is going to be essential for the school to execute. Also there is the concern of receiving 60 to 80% of the product from only one single supplier. The question is what will happen if there is an issue with a certain supplier especially if the main source is one upplier. The procedure to acquire a new and reliable supplier(s) could take months and become a challenging task to beat. There are also some unique factors that could impact even the very best vendor agreement using the kinds of meals that are purchased and sought after by the MMSD. Using the cook/chill end product system consistency within the ingredients in rise to power to space for storage, transportation including the time and di stance of travel, and preparation time are normal and predictable considerations.Using the USDA meal program for breakfast and lunch the concern will be using the nutritional integrity with the food in line with the regulations established. Finally, with meals packed in aluminum containers the price of them along with the integrity might be sacrificed. The best vendor agreement would need to assure every one of the requirements with the MMSD in addition with the USDA tend to be upheld. A Food Production Center (FPC) executive director must possess expert qualities and skills to operate effectively with maintenance.The fundamental skills associated with an administrator include multi tasking, organization, the ones skills. They are scarce the same inside the FPC. However, you will find innovative skills needed at the same time. A fundamental understanding as well as knowledge of the organization is essential. Having the ability to ahead want to prevent issue is important when conf ronted with perishable items. Understanding how to correctly rotate stock certificate and get ready for the upcoming days will make sure frozen products tend to be thawed and ready when theyre needed.When cooking large amounts of food that will be consumed by a large number of individuals there will be the need to find adjustments that may require some changes to the recipes accept the require a cook/chill program. The step of wet and dry ingredients will have to be adjusted to take into account the elevated wet within the blast chiller. Quite often the product isnt cooked throughout because the process will finish within the final heating. In addition, the finishing touches might not be contained in the dish.Often circumstances arise inside the individual cooking targets causing conflicts together in places like the MMSD Food Production Center. The issues could include meals with twain cold and hot products, variations in cooking times, in addition to a specific temperature. Th rough an appropriate flow of food sequence for just almost any particular days work will alleviate the issues before they come up. While preparing new recipes for the MMSD there will need to be a focus on getting the students active in the sensory analysis have both benefits and drawbacks.The professionals range from the acceptance from the consumer thus guaranteeing the sale from the item, consumer feedback to alter what exactly is not appropriate and ruling out what exactly is not wanted before a lot of time and expenditure was wasted about it. The cons are which the students usually are not experienced in the nutritional requirements theyre basing their analysis on flavor and aesthetics alone. And also the have no idea your budget restraints numerous recommendations usually are not feasible.Students will be pleased with pizza every single day. Inside the Madison Metropolitan School District mealtime must run successfully and effectively. Meals contain a cool pack, a hot pack, an d carton of milk that the student bunch and carry towards the dining tables you can eat. Because there are more and more students released at 10 minute intervals to be fed, you will find some challenges. Timing may be the first challenge. The hot packs have to be ready for each and every number of students because they are released and cant be too hot or too cold.The lines should also move efficiently since the students take a mainly short time to consume their meals and might also have recess. Teachers should also make certain they release their students when needed. purgative students too soon or too late could lead to a back-up within the cafeteria. Finally, space and also equipment requirements should be present to take care of the accessibility of meals served at each and every school. Flow of food from Receiving to Delivery Equipment Classification Cooking Non-cookingDish washing Service Equipment Production Equipment Equipment Equipment Combination Oven20-Quart MixerPan Wa sherBox Baler Range/OvenFood ProcessorDisposer muckle Crusher 2-Burner RangeSlicerPackaging Machine Convection Ovens Can Opener Fryer80-Gallon Steam Kettle Rotary Rack Oven100- Gallon Steam Kettle Booster Heater40-Quart Steam Kettle ProoferTilting Braising Pan By aspect at the above list of equipment, it may seem that the menu offered through the MMSD facility is really a semi-selective menu.Using the quantity of ovens, number of kettles, in addition to mixers and fryers, I would also consider a number of food choices in a number of different food groups. In identifying the quantity of solid waste generated through the MMSD, would recommend a waste audit. Considering the variety of items currently being cycled needing to sort through precisely what is left over to find out each course will be expensive and incredibly time intensive. The audit can give accurate data for the specific requirements of MMSD.MMSD foodservice can help to eliminate the quantity of waste manufactured by e xploring other available choices for recycling, particularly the aluminum cans and cardboard milk cartons. They might also consider using silverware rather than waxy ware. This could reduce waste, but might be expensive with regards to cleaning and sanitizing the utensils. Finally, Id start discussing and recommending and teaching elementary students the importance of recycling with in the class room in which they could then put that information to good use and example during their meal times overall, the present recycling practices at MMSD are great.The very fact they recycle oil and food waste as well as the cardboard and cans is a great asset to them in the short and long term. I view a great idea would be to see if there is any way to reuse the oil or find other ways to use the waste to avoid further landfill usage. References Payne-Palacio, June and Theis, Monica (2005) Introduction to Foodservice, Tenth Edition, Prentice Hall http//www. localharvest. org/wisconsin-homegrown -lunch-program-farm-to-school-M11038 http//www. wisconsinlocalfood. com/Wisc%20homegrown%20lunch. htm

Symbolism in “Country Lovers”

A Forbidden Love Thebedi and Paulus Jennifer Boozer ENG 125 Introduction to Literature Instructor Kristina Stutler March 24, 2013 res publica Lovers by Nadine Gordimer is a short story centered around the theme of forbidden love between the two main characters Paulus and Thebedi. They met when they were kids, as Thebedi used to field on Paulus fathers farm. They used to sneak out and meet at the river bed. After Paulus went off to veterinary rail, Thebedi had his baby.When Paulus came back for the summer he heard of her baby organism light-headed skinned and killed it so that no one would ever know that it was his baby. The storys theme of forbidden love is strengthened by Gordimers use of imageism, imagery, and local anaesthetic alter. symbolic representation is a key element contributing to the storys theme. One symbol that repeats itself in Country Lovers is the gilt hoop ear-rings that Paulus gives to Thebedi when they were young (as cited in Clugston, 2010). The earrings are a symbol for their love together.Even after Paulus killed their baby girl, Thebedi still wore them when she accused him of pouring liquid into the babys mouth (as cited in Clugston, 2010). Even in her hysteric situation, she still wore those earring that Paulus gave to her. She wore them again when they went to trial. This leads me to intrust that after all was said and done, she still loved Paulus, even though she knew they could never be together. Another symbol that is relevant to the theme is their baby. Their baby was keep proof that they were in love with each other.After seeing the baby with his own eyes, Paulus seemed to have panicked anyone who looked at this child would know that it was not Njabulos. Njabulo was Thebedis husband who was the gloomy coffee-grounds colour that had always been called black the same colour of Thebedis face (as cited in Clugston, 2010). They would know that the father of this child was a white man. In their culture, it was socially insu fferable to have interracial relationships. Paulus matte he had to get rid of the baby, and he did. Imagery also contributes to the theme of forbidden love.One day Thebedi and Paulus met at the riverbed. Gordimer noted that the girls that Paulus went to school with would swim in bikinis and they never made him feel like Thebedi did when she came up the bank and sat beside him, the drops of water beading off her dark legs the only points of light in the earth-smelling deep shade (as cited in Clugston, 2010). The image of Thebedi, a regular African American girl, making Paulus feel like he had never felt before contributes to the theme of forbidden love. Local color is another literary element that strengthens the theme in Country Lovers.Local color is defined as remarkable images, realistic dialog and true-to-life descriptions to fully portray people and life in the region where the story will occur (Clugston, 2010, ch 6. 1, para 1). In this story, local color is demonstrated in th e first paragraph when Gordimer discusses the relationship between the black and white children changes as they grow up. They play together up until they go to school but then after that, the white children do not play with them anymore even in the the holidays (as cited in Clugston, 2010). The white children are on the face of it oblivious to how society thinks they should act toward black children.It was not until after they went to school did they learn that they are superior to the black race. It is very important to use different literary elements to strengthen a story so that the readers attention can be grasped. It is beneficial to the reader when the author uses elements such as symbolism, imagery, and local color because it allows the reader to put his or herself inside the story and feel the forbidden love that Paulus and Thebedi experienced. References Clugston, R. W. (2010). Journey into Literature. Retrieved from https//content. ashford. edu/books/AUENG125. 10. 2/sect ions/ch00

Critically consider psychological explanations of love Essay

There are three psychological theories of get laid, The Three Factor speculation of Romantic Love, Sternbergs Triangular Theory of Love and Romantic Love and Attachment. The three factor theory of romantic wonder suggested by Hatfield and Walster, recognises two types of venerate, passionate erotic savour and companionate love. Whilst passionate love can be seen as an intense physiologic arousal which involves a longing for the other person, companionate love is more a feeling of spirit towards those whom we feel deeply about.Hatfield and Walster propose a theory to explain passionate love based on three factors physiological arousal, appropriate love mark and cultural exposure. The authors see love as a label that is placed on someone that we are physiologically aroused by. Experiencing this arousal will go a person to state it is because of love, since this is what our culture teaches us happens when we are in love. This theory receives support from seek by Dutton and Aro n. In this study, male participants were interviewed on a high or low suspension bridge, by an attractive female.The results supported the prediction that those males interviewed on a high bridge felt more versed attraction to the woman, presumably because they experienced stronger physiological arousal. The males on the lower bridge felt less physical attraction, presumably because their physiological arousal was not as strong. It is possible that this theory could explain certain experiences such as love at first sight. just, since most people seem to fall in love gradually, this would suggest that for the majority of individuals, the label, love, comes first rather that the physiological arousal.The theory is also more applicable to western rather then eastern or socialistic cultures. Sternberg defines love as intimacy (sharing mutual understanding and horny support), passion (involves physical attraction and sexual desire) and decision/commitment (involves the short-term de cision that you love someone and a longer-term commitment to maintain that love). These three components of love can be combined in different ways to produce seven varieties of love liking, infatuation, empty love, romantic love, compassionate love, fatuous love and consummate love.These seven types of love form a triangle. Consummate love being in the sum of money as it is the strongest form of love since it involves all three components. Sternberg believes that people have two different types of triangle. The first is based on an individuals own theory of love and is formed in a cultural context from watching television, observing parents, reading books, including listening to fairy tales when young. The second triangle is based on the individuals modern relationship. According to Sternberg when two triangles are similar, relationships tend to be more successful.The theory has practical applications it is possible to measure the components in the two parties and then analyse th e differences in the types of love shown by each partner. It helps pinpoint areas where change and compromise may be necessary. However, the components are rather vague, especially commitment, and it is therefore difficult to judge the bag on which one person decides to love some other. hazan and nipper proposed that romantic relationships are attachment relationships, and that individual differences in adult attachment style, mirror those set up by psychologists who studied attachment styles such as Ainsworth.So rather than love being formed in a cultural context, Hazan and Shaver believe that love originates from a persons early relationship with a primary caregiver. This theory developed out of two earlier pieces of research by Ainsworth and Bowlby. Ainsworths strange situation and the observation that children have three different styles of attachment secure, insecure/anxious resistant and insecure/anxious avoidant. Bowlbys belief that the mothers behaviour towards the chi ld creates an internal working model that leads the infant to expect the same in later relationships.According to Hazan and Shaver, later love relationships can be predicted from a childs attachment style. So therefore a secure child who had a constructive image of a caring mother will have relationships in later life that are friendly, trusting and more enduring. A child classified advertisement as insecure/anxious resistant will have conflicting memories of the mother, both positive and rejecting, causing relationships in later life to consist of emotional highs and lows, with moments of jealousy and concerns whether their partners really love them.Insecure/anxious avoidant children will remember their mother as cold and rejecting and have relationships in later life where they dismay being close to someone and believe love is not necessary for happiness nor is it long lasting. Hazan and Shavers research receives support from a number of studies in that there does seem to be a relationship between early attachment experiences and later attitudes and behaviour to love for example Feeny and Noller 1990. However the research has all been correlational in this area, so it cannot be claimed that early attachment causes later relationships behaviour.The relationship between the two could be caused by another factor. Kagon believes this other factor to be the temperament of the child. Infants are born with certain temperaments which determine the quality of their early relationships and these innate or genetic factors affect relationships passim life. The three psychological theories of love provide partial explanations for this most intense of human emotion. Whilst Hatfield and Walster believe love to be a state of strong physiological arousal, Sternberg and Hazan and Shaver believe that love originates from a persons early relationships with a primary caregiver.

Difference of Trademark Protection and Passing off Action Essay

traffic fag non be denied to be an essential factor in the existence of atomic number 53 nation. This is so beca commit commerce is considered as the backbone of economy. Being an indispensable aspect of economy, serious consideration has been taken to ensure the bulwark of those forming commerce. In the particular field of commerce, an existence of a byplay is considerably dependant on its make up. A c atomic number 18 style is a vital aspect of one clientele because it carries the theme that has been built up by the short letter owner. A patronage name also has several values. Basically, it is used to distinguish a business from anformer(a).It will also ensure security and privacy as new(prenominal)s cannot arbitrarily encroach or use it. Hence, businesses are required to be registered. The business name creation registered is termed as trade crossbreeding. In the world of commerce, where millions of business establishments evolve, hallmark serves a vital role. With trademark, the goods of an some other are distinguished from that of another. Primarily, trademark serves as an identification of the short letter and ownership of the go away. Significantly, trademark will also protect the consumer from confusions as to the sources of the goods or services.Through time, some business owners were also established using the name of others. Some fortunes were deliberately done while other cases were incidentally done. Due to acts of copying and using famous names, the other party suffered considerable persecutes. There were also case where famous trademarks or reputable names boast been attached by other business owners in their products, goods or services primarily to attract or to deceive customers as to the origin of the goods or services. These situations dupe been considered as an impetus for the judicial bodily functions of move polish glum and trademark infringement.Passing Off and Trademark protective cover Definition and Origin In distinguishing widening wrap up and trademark protection, the two create a lissom similarity in a way that both protect the business privacy. It has also similarity as both are purposely to prevent other business owners from thefts or unauthorized use of business names of others. In addition, both empower business owners to instigate an action in court of justice in cases others have violated their sounds to their business name or trademark. Nonetheless, passage wrap up and trademark protection have various differences as to elements, principles, protection, among others.Basically, passing sour has no definite definition. However, it has been commonly delimit based on Lord Halsburys statement in one of cases he decided which states that, nobody has every right to represent his goods as the goods of somebody else. Contrarily, trade mark has been defined in Trademarks Act 1994 as any sign capable of being represented graphically which is capable of distinguishing goods or services of one trade union movement from those of other down the stairstakings. Furthermore, word, design, letter, numeral, or shape of the goods or packaging whitethorn constitute trademark.As to origin, Passing off have been recognized by the common law as early as16th century. Few cases tried under passing off includes, S turn uphern v. How and Dean v. Steel . After a century, another passing off case was tried by justness of Blanchard v. Hill. Although, it was not at that time recognized as passing off, the principle laid down was severally used in many cases. Meanwhile, in Blanchard v. Hill, the complainant utilise for an injunction to forbid the defendant from using the Great Mogul as a trade mark in the manufacture of the latters playing cards.However, Lord Hardwicke refused to grant injunction and reasoned out that the court has no basis to grant an injunction. Besides the court recognized the right of trader to leap out a mark for his products or services but it s tressed the absence of any instance that will support an injunction. Nevertheless, after several years, through the decision in Blanchard, it has been established that each proprietor has an liquid ecstasy right to the mark used in his goods or services offered for sale.In addition, it was interpreted that when the use of others mark was stained with fraud, injunction can be granted. In the following century, the term pass off was used in Perry v. Truefit, and it was notwithstanding interpreted and applied to mean that, A man is not to sell his own goods under the pretence that they are the goods of another man. In the early days, intent was considered as an essential element for passing off. However, in the 20th century cases, the element of intent was abandoned.On the other hand, trademark protection has its recognition in 1863 through Lord Westbury in Edelsen v. Edelsen. In this particular case, the court stressed that there exist a right to property in trade names which is g enetic and enforceable even against innocent infringement. Formally, trade marks were permitted to be registered under the Trade Marks modification Act 1875. According to this act, anyone was barred from instituting an infringement proceeding provided that the trade mark was earlier registered. The act was further amended by Trade Marks Act 1995.For a mark to serve as a trademark, it must be distinctive by meeting any of the categories namely arbitrary or fanciful, suggestive, descriptive, and generic. A mark is said to be arbitrary of fanciful if it has no logical relationship with the product it represent. An interpreter is the trademark Nike which does not have logical relationship with shoes. The mark is suggestive if marks evoke or suggest the characteristic of the product like Coppertone which is suggestive of sun tan lotion. A mark is descriptive if the consumers would associate it to the producer rather than on product or services such as vacation Inn. experiencely, a mark constitutes to be generic if it describes a general category, like computers. Difference surrounded by Passing Off and Trademark Protection Fundamentally, the differences between the two lies on the protection it affords. In passing off, there is no property in the name or design of the business, while in trademark, the registered name or mark is the property being protected. In passing off, the law protects the ownership over the thanksgiving or study of one person which whitethorn be destructed by refutal of other large number regardless of intention.However, in trade mark protection, the law particularly protects the mark, name, or get- up which has been registered by a business owner. In other words, the property in passing off is the goodwill or reputation while the property in trademark is the trademark itself. Notably, there are three purposes for requiring marks to be registered. One is to guarantee to the consumers of the origin of the marked products or services to a void the possibility of confusions and serves as a distinction of the goods of one from another having another origin.Second is to protect the customers from deception by other traders. Last purpose is to notify other traders or rival engaged in the same product or services from using the trademarks of another. Having the mark registered, the owner will draw various benefits. One of which is to put off people from using the trademark without permission. The owner can also initiate an action against unauthorized use. Finally, being a property of the owner, he has the discretion whether to sell or have it licensed by other people for a price.As to the acquisition of right, rights to property or goodwill in passing off are acquired in a gradual way because the business owner only builds his business reputation after a long period of time. This is so because a reputation or goodwill is dependent upon consumers, character and service which necessitate handwork and persistence. Goodwill can also be established on the nature of the mark, degree of distinctiveness, figures of gross sales, expenses for promotions, marketing of the products and period of use.On the contrary, property right over the trademark and protection of such mark is acquired immediately upon registration. Moreover, goodwill cannot exist independently from the business which has created it even if such can be transferred or delegate to another. On the other hand, trademarks can be licensed or assigned separately from the business by the proprietor provided that such is not spurious or deceiving to the consumers. Furthermore, the two are distinct as to the remedy available in case of unauthorized use of the name or mark.In passing off, the claimant may institute a passing off action while trademark infringement is available in trademark protection. More specifically, a passing off action has been defined as a remedy for the invasion of a right of property not in the mark, name or get-up improperly used, but in the goodwill likely to be injured by the misrepresentation made in passing off one persons goods as the goods of another. The former is a common law remedy while the latter is a statutory one. It is said to be a common law because it has its genesis from an unwritten law or fundamental practice in the ancient days.On the other hand, trademark is statutory because the relief has been created by law or legislations by virtue of Trade Marks Registration Acts. Passing off and trademark protection also differ as to the elements that needed to be proven in seeking judicial intervention. Three elements are required to be satisfied in passing off action while trademark infringement only requires one. In passing off action, the claimant must prove the existence of claimants goodwill, the misrepresentation by the defendant, and the damage caused to the plaintiffs goodwill or reputation.To explicate further, goodwill is the whole benefit derived from a reputation and connection of a firm which has been built up operating honestly and lavishly expending money for a considerable year or period. Likewise, reputation is the publics opinion on the product that may be associated with the symbol or name under which the product is being marketed. It is considered as a privy personal property which is being sold to customer. Through goodwill or reputation, the inherent worth of the product is recognized and the loyalty of the customers to the product is developed.The second element which is misrepresentation must be material one and actionable that is capable of creating real or tangible damage to the plaintiff. Moreover, misrepresentation need not be intentional in order to succeed in a passing off action and any defense of innocence, negligence, or recklessness is not acceptable. Even fraud or malice cannot affect the action but will have effect on the penalty to be imposed. Under misrepresentation, it is necessary for the plaintiff to prove that the public is deceived or is made to believe that the defendants goods or business have been authorized or licensed by the plaintiff.The plaintiff must further prove that the customers, actual or prospective, are influenced by the misrepresentation. Since passing off safeguards the good will of the plaintiff, it is important that the misrepresentation being say is or had caused material damage to such property. Absence of a clear damage may result in the failure of the action. The damages, tangible or intangible, may be in the form of loss of sales due to confusion or dilution of the reputation.It may be observed that proving damages is difficult, but plaintiff may employ surveys and other statistical methods to show reliable evidence of damages. On the contrary, a claimant in a trademark infringement needs only to establish that the mark alleged to be infringing is deceptive as it is identical or similar with that of the plaintiffs trademark. The issue involved in passing off is whether the use concerned is likely to affect adversely the goodwill of the business. While injury or damage is necessary in passing off action, the defendant need not cause injury or damage in the case of infringement.It is only necessary that trademark is identically deceptive. This is because the trader considers the trademark as a property and is the only means whereby the manufacturer retains or invites the confidence of the public as to the quality and integrity of the product. From the given elements, it can be observed that it passing off protects the business as a whole which encompasses the name, get- up, style, mode, etc. of the business. However, in trademark infringement only protects the name or symbol of the business.

People Become Overly Dependent on Technology

Environmental defilement and methods for treatment Pollution is the introduction of contaminates into the natural environment that crusade obstinate change , pollution can taken the form of chemical subjects or energy such as noise , heat and light. The components of pollution can be either foreign substances, enrrgies or natural occurring contaminates . pollution is often classed as point source or non point source pollution. The BlackSmith issues an annual list of the worlds worst ploouted places . n the 2007 issues the ten top nominess are located in Azerbaijan, China, India, Peru, Russia, Ukraine, Zambia. There are forms of pollution , which call us from all directions . Firstly, Air pollution - the release of chemicals and particulates into the atmosphere common gaseous pollutants include snow monoxide, sulfur dioxide, chlorofluoro carbons and northward oxides produced by industry and motor vehicles . photochemical ozone and smog are created as nitrogen oxides and hydrocar bons react to sunlight . econdly, light pollution - include light trespass, over illumination and astronomical flutter . Thirdly, noise pollution - which encompasses road way noise, air craft noise, industrial noise as operatespring as high industrial sonar. Fourthly, visual pollution- which can refer to the presence of over head power lines , motor way bill boards , scarred landforms ( as form strip mining) ,open storage of trash, municipal solid waste or space debris . ifthly, water pollution- by the discharge of untreated sewage , release of waste and contaminates into surface waters, discharges of untreated domestic sewage, and chemical contaminates into surface runoff flowing to surface waters . finally, thermal pollution- is temperature change in natural water bodies begind by forgiving influence , such as use of water as coolant in a power plant, in any case radio active contaminates resulting from 20th century activities in atomic physics , such as atomic power gene ration and nuclear weapon research , manufacture and deployment.Effects of pollution on human wellness , adverse air quality can kill many organisms including humans , ozone pollution can cause respiratory illness, cardiovascular disease , throat inflammation, chest pains and congestion, water pollution causes approximately 14,000 deaths per day, largely due to contaminates of drinking water by untreated seage in developing countries. An estimated 700 million Indians have no access to a proper toilet and 1,000Indian children die of diarrhoeal sickness every day, Nearly calciferol million Chinese lack access to safe drinking water , 656,000 people die untimely each year in china because of air pollution . In India , air pollution is believed to cause 527,700 fatalities a year , studies have estimated that the number of people killed annually in the us could be polish off 50,000. Oil spills can cause skin irritations and rashes. Noise pollution induces hearing loss, high blood pre ssure, tenseness and sleep disturbance.Mercury has been linked to developmental deficits in children and neurologic symptoms. Older people are majorly expose to disease induced by air pollution. Those with heart or lung disorders are under additional risk. Children and infants are to a fault at serious risk. Lead and other heavy metals have been shown to cause neurological problems. Chemicals and radioactive substance can cause cancer and as well as birth defect.

Sleep and Mary J. Davis

S. No Topic Pg no i. What is Confidence expression? Does Confidence very come with Knowledge? 2 ii. How does a Shark Hunt? 3 iii. What efforts constituentic number 18 being interpreted to entertain Endangered Wild look? 4 iv. What be the dangers and hazards of thermo atomic Power? 5 v. why do we slumber? 6 vi. How does tobacco practice affect the hu benevolentness physical structure? 7 vii. What argon the ca social mutationctions of Tornadoes? 8 viii. In what ways do Video Games affect children and teenagers? 9 ix. What is stress? 10 x. What ar the ways to declaim effectively? 11 xi. Pros and Cons of Team work bulge 12 ii. Which types of Shops do you function to debase different things? Why? 13 xiii. What is destination? Describe different types of political partys nuances. 14 xiv. Which is the nigh important Invention for the brave out ascorbic acid years? Which virtuoso do you wish had non been Invented? 15 T qualified of content Descriptive taste What is Confidence building? Does Confidence really come with Knowledge? Confidence is a positive signature gained from a belief in your sustain ability of to do things salubrious. Very few earnest deal chase in building up their confidence level. When we born we cry be defecate we are afraid of this world.It means that zilch is born with confidence. We contain to develop our own confidence. It is not easy as it seems. thither is a current age at which the growing level of confidence delays working. Many of nation failed in building up their own confidence (Adrian MacKay). Those who are self-confident or so themselves devote a strong reek of belief. Self-confidence is connected with possessing of certain skill sets or abilities, whether it is acquired or natural. While having ability in a fragmentizeicular(a) area corporation help you to boost yourself. Someone who has no capability of doing roughly(a)whatthing is perpetually overlook of con fident (Coles).A roughly physical structure who is lack of self-confidence has a lack of self-belief in them. Lack in yourself comes when you nip insecure about roundthing equivalent stain or with the audience you are facing. A person be contrisolelyes like overly shy, having fear in themselves, exit what to talk about, light shivering and feel uncomfortable when they are lack of confidence. muckle with low self-confidence always stay away from other packs. They prepare a limited mind set and their behavior changes unexpectedly. This lack of self-confidence puts them in a nonstop manner cycle that reinforces their state of self-belief (Coles). Knowledge and confidence are two different things.Without confidence, familiarity is worthless. And without knowledge, confidence is useless. If we conduct to face the world so we clear to combine our knowledge and confidence. Those community who are not able to combine their knowledge and confidence wont have the chance to su rvive (Stephen Hetherington). Confidence and knowledge is the most hefty weapon of a person. If anyone knows how to use it so he buns rattling on his biography in an easy way. Even to run short a successful earthly concern a particular person has to go through numerous difficulties and have to prevent struggling. A lose intented person always think about his one-time(prenominal) and afraid to move on again.So if anyone regards to fuck off a successful man he has to build up his confidence. References Adrian MacKay Coles Stephen Hetherington Descriptive experiment How does a Shark Hunt? Shark is a biggish and sometimes aggressive sea fish with a triangular fin on its back. They snuff it in ocean only not in freezing areas like ANTARCTICA. To survive in water, they subscribe salty water. They are mostly found in between the deep oceans. They toiletnot change their places like other species do. Some sharks use to live in natural environments. While other sharks like t o live in dark, c middle-aged, rocky and sandy areas.Sharks use to travel to a tenacious distances in seek of warmer and ice chest areas where they sack up give birth to their babies in a year (Bobbie Kalmar, Molly Alien). The bodies of sharks are made of equivalent parts save not all. As compare to other sharks they tiret have corresponding size, shape and color. on that point are two types of shark bodies Active Swimmers and Bottom Dwellers. Those sharks who are Active Swimmers have their body in a shape that allows them to move with quick, easy movements in water with the help of goodish fins. And those sharks that are Bottom Dwellers have replete(p) and horizontal bodies (Bobbie Kalmar, Molly Alien).There are many builds of sharks in which tether of them are a lot bigger. They are White, basking and whale sharks. The white sharks are 12 feet long and 4 meter large. Whereas basking sharks are 40 feet long and 12 meters large. And whale sharks are 50 feet long and 15 me ters large. They faeces be compared as to school bus. So you undersurface think how much bigger things they use to eat. only if these three sharks eat only s midpoint fishes like Krill, which is not bigger than your finger (Mary M. Carlo). People usually fear from sharks because they think that sharks can eat them with their jaws by crushing and tearing them a part.Sharks use jaws to attack their enemies. however they dont use them to attack humans. They never consume humans as a target for their food. To sharks, humans look to them as a seal. So, only small number of sharks attacks humans. Sharks have sensitive nostrils that can track down a bleeding fish that may be farther away from them of ocean (Christina Wilson). Sharks are the natural gift attached by Allah to us. They are the natural smash of sea. They live in a deep silent ocean. And can be of different size or color or shape. They can hunt any fish or human. They are harmful but it doesnt mean that we just finish them off.Sharks cannot stop hunting because its in their nature. So we be intimate by make aquarium for sharks. Or we can encounter them so we can understand that how they live in their world. References Bobbie Kalmar, Molly Alien Mary M. Carlo Christina Wilson Descriptive Es introduce What efforts are being curbn to protect Endangered Wild conduct? Wild bread and butter is about all animals, birds and insects that naturally inhabit a particular region. In the wildlife history in U. S. A, several(prenominal) of Bison were killed, just to clear the grass imposes. This stern situation of Bison disturbed the public because they were the only largest mammals in U. S.A. But all hoofed mammals were completely retravel from the larger areas to their original places in 1800s. In the east, there is no evidence about it that how many of them were searched out and destroyed completely by hunters (Brian Czech, Paul R. Kraus man, Center for the Statesn Places). Animals surely get diseases d ue to changes in environment or weather. Those animals which were use to export may have diseases in them. So they were kept in isolation, away from other animals to cure them from diseases. But those animals which were illegally moved from one country to another may carry diseases and not be cured.Some diseases include a large risk of life that they can finish numerous of animals. Like in Tasmania, fractional worlds mammals were killed by certain disease. These mammals were only found in Tasmania. Later on, scientists have discovered that those diseases that are untested or moved into different areas of cities or countries are in addition effecting humans like HIV/AIDS, and so forthtera (Jeanne Nagle). To save wildlife, U. S. Congress in 1973, passed the Endangered Species Act (ESA) which was reauthorized in 1988. The purpose of the (ESA) is to save wildlife species from human dangerous actions.To protect the species and their particular area where they live, all endangered se t outs and animals were listed by the U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS). In enkindle of the fact (USFWS) is a part of the department. It had played an important eccentric in conservation of wildlife (Marshall Cavendish Corporation). U. S. Congress decides to lot a step of retrieval for wildlife animals. The aim is to recover all animals so the protection leave behind be no longer needed in the future. But the principal(prenominal) line of work was that it get out squeeze long time. And due to some factors loss cannot be recovered.But due to joint efforts of USFWS and other agencies they have succeeded in their recovery process. They have stopped the loss of wildlife animals by recovering 99% of animals in the world. Only less than 1% is left that have been listed from 1968 to 1993 that no longer exists (Marshall Cavendish Corporation). In this world, USFWS have managed to save the wildlife animals. But some of them were confounded due to our irresponsibility. So its t ime that we also participate in this Endangered Species Act (ESA) with U. S. A. government. decide to protect them from any harm. Watch them to see how they live. Learn about them as much as we can.Tell others about them. Join USFWS and give money to help wildlife species. And to protect them and ourselves form any disease we have to take them to doctor for regular checkup. References Brian Czech, Paul R. Kraus man, Center for American Places Jeanne Nagle Marshall Cavendish Corporation stick and outcome Essay What are the dangers and hazards of thermonuclear Power? The misuse of nuclear power was stupefyed in 1933. A scientist name Magyar physicist Leo Szilard made a theory of splitting the atoms to make a chain reaction. He express that by splitting the atoms into chain reaction can release energy that can cause an explosion.In former(a) question, elements of atoms which are naturally unstable were discovered by scientists. These elements act in a process in which they keep ever-changing and s terminal streams out called Radioactivity. So scientists discovered that these flying particles can be utilise as tiny missiles by splitting them in several parts. And thats how invention of bombs was started (Susan M. Freese). Nuclear weapons were utilise in Second World War on the Japanese in August 1945, while ending the Second World War. This nuclear explosion set a dangerous archetype of world war. Because it makes people aware about the coming Modern World War.Due to such powerful bombs domain constrains unsafe. First the atom bombs were the only most dangerous weapon but now a bomb more powerful than atom bomb has been invented. Although it is too much small but it can cause great persecute to humanity (Bernard L. Cohen, Sc. D. Professor at the University of Pittsburgh). In Russia 1986, a powerful nuclear bomb was exploded. This bomb effected the most dangerous rays in atmosphere. Several of peoples died in this attack. And many of them were died d ue to cancer because of radiation that was broadcast into the atmosphere. Nuclear weapons contains waste disposal with them.They can kill people when they touch them. Thats why they cannot be thrown like ordinary garbage. So they are stored in special cooling pools (Bianca Arista). In at onces world, 16 countries depend on their nuclear power in which France is on the number one. Nuclear energy has become inexpensive that anybody can buy it and use it for making bombs and other nuclear weapons. Nuclear power can cause many different changes in the environment like can have effects on human health. In the near future, it is expected to be cheaper than before (Chaves Jason). The use of nuclear energy nowa twenty-four hourss has become too much common.As well as their price are also decreasing. In some countries the rate of crime is increasing twenty-four hours by day. When the nuclear energy start to split it causes a serious damage to earth because of which a natural disaster calle d earthquake happen. There is no stop to these hazardous powers. But scientists are working on to stop this danger of nuclear power so that they can remove risk of insecurity from people minds. References Susan M. Freese Bernard L. Cohen, Sc. D. Professor at the University of Pittsburgh Bianca Arista Chaves Jason Cause and Effect Essay Why do we sleep? Sleep is necessary for our health.Our body inevitably lodge like it need water, food and oxygen. Humans are not machines. They work 12 hours so they need await. Even a machine needs to take some rest after 7-8 hours. Many of scientists research on this topic that Why do we need sleep? . Researches have shown to us that when we sleep our body parts which are in painful sensation gets rest (James A. Horne). Whenever we wake up we have more specialty and feel better than before. So sleep makes us stronger. While if we wont get some sleep, our head or body start to pain or we will begin to sleep in a standing or in a sitting positio n.People need 8 hours to sleep. 8 hours are max for sleep. If a person is getting a sleep 4-5 hours he or she will start conf victimisation, become absentminded and see illusions (Mary L. Gavin, MD). Human brains carries two phase with them. REM (Rapid meat Movement) and NREM (Non-Rapid Eye Movement) sleep. These two phases have physiological, neurological and psychological structures. In 1960s, two scientists defined a characteristic of sleep. They express that eight hour sleep will give you 5 sleep cycles. They also mentioned that that NREM cycles become smaller and REM sleep nobbles (Rebecca turner).Lack of sleepiness can cause our brain damages. There is a part of brain which works to control language, memory, planning and sense of time. If we dont sleep, it will definitely have an effect on that part of our mind. And it doesnt affect only on that part of our mind but also make us lack of physical and emotional health. In fact sicknesses like if we keep wide-awake our self, o ur brain starts to blackout and we start to feel doze (Alex West comb, Andrew Green). When we start to sleep our half body between 90-110 minutes is awake and half is as in sleeping position. In this situation, we can get up easily.But after 90-110 minutes, our muscle builders starts to relax and our body start to sleep. During sleep, if we entered the stage of deep sleep so we usually have some night terrors or sleep walking problems. But some children during a deep sleep get bed-wetting problems (Carlos H. Scheck, M. D. , Carlos Scheck). Sleeping is healthy for our body. It gives lots of benefits to us. A good sleep can keep you out of risks. Even avoiding 1 night sleep can make you kind of cross and awkward. After 5-6 days you will get health problems like illness, headaches and pain in muscles and so forthSo get some sleep to get ready for next day with more strength and power. References James A. Horne Mary L. Gavin, MD Rebecca turner Alex West comb, Andrew Green Carlos H. Sc heck, M. D. , Carlos Scheck Cause and Effects Essay How does Tobacco use affect the human body? Tobacco is made from dried nicotine-rich leaves found in American plant, used for smoking and chewing. Tobacco was not so popular when it was first made. Its journey begins in 1600 from BRAZIL. It was indeed given in ENGLAND and then to TURKEY and so on. In England 1602, an anonymous doctor wrote tobacco is bad for human health.It evaporates mans unctuous and radical moistures. And it was proved later that what doctor said, was true (Gene Barrio). There are many types of tobacco like, cocaine, hallucinate, nicotine, etc. They are spreading in humans body with each and either sip they inhale. Inhaling tobacco damage human lungs and make human weak and unhealthy. It reduces human strength and making him addicted to it (Fowler, J. S Volker, N. D. ). Tobacco plant NICOTINE is a main reason of deaths that are happing in this world. It cause more damage than any others herb. Nicotine contains the most dangerous poisonous oily liquid found in tobacco.As it has a bad effect on human health. At present, 3 million peoples are dying daily by the use of nicotine and if it continues so in the near future 2030, 10 million people will die annually (Fowler, J. S Volker, N. D. ). Another plant of tobacco is HALLUCINATE. It makes a person to see something which is not actually there. After using it, it makes you aware of somebodys existence which is not real and doesnt belong to the physical world. Some examples of it are DESERT MIRAGE, or a goodly we might have just heard. It also makes a person that everything close to him is moving or revolving (Court JA).Third plant of tobacco is cocaine. It is an addictive stimulant drug obtained from the leaves of a tropical plant. This drug is self-administrated in several ways. Many people abuse it by snorting it thorough there nasal sinuses, either entirely or with heroin ( upper berthball) mixing in it. Its another method of administr ation, which produces its effects more right away is smoking it in with the form of cocaine (Court JA). In todays world, tobacco is like a serious problem. People die every day without knowing the cause. And if they know its disadvantage so they dont know how to stop it.Because it makes them relax, makes them feel what they want to feel. Some people takes these drugs because they want to forget something that happened in their past. I suggest that if we dont stop now, so in the future there will be no human left on this planet. References Gene Barrio Fowler, J. S Volker, N. D. Court JA Cause and Effect Essay What are the causes of Tornadoes? Tornadoes are a violent rotating wind storm. They create most powerful winds on the Earth and are capable of destroying anything that comes in their way. A tornado is formed when high and low drag dash together.There may be local storms too. A typical tornado can be 400-500 feet wide with less than a 1000 thousand feet long and has winds less than 112 graybacks per hour. Whereas strong tornadoes are a mile wide with strongest winds more than 300-700 miles per hour and can survive more than an hour or 200 miles change of location along with the ground, smashing everything. (Seymour Simon) There are many types of tornadoes like hurricane, storm and typhoon. Hurricane and typhoon have the 200-300 mph speed of winds. Storms that give rise to these tornadoes can cause numerous damages by ruining crops, or throwing things own to the ground at high speed. A biggest rock was found in Coffeyville, Kansas, on September 3, 1970 weight 1. 67 pounds and was 17. 5 inched around, which was thrown by a storm lifting it above in the sky and then threw it from the sky at high speed (Howard B. Bluestein Professor of Metrology University of Oklahoma). Many peoples have gone inside these tornadoes but only some of them were able to survive. On June 16, 1928, a man named Will Keller survived the tornado. He said that a twister approached h is Kansas farm, Keller saw that something lift him over the ground and move slowly over his head.He reported that It was a strong, gassy odor . . . a screaming hissing sound . . . I looked up . . . there was a circular opening in the center of the funnel. . . The walls of this opening were of rotating clouds and the whole was made brilliantly visible by constant flashes of lightning which zigzagged from side to side (Joe Thorn) Later on there are some rules made for providing safeguard from tornadoes. Those rules for the safety from tornadoes are there must be a basement in house or a building. Or move to small interior room and get under the sturdy minute of furniture.Put as many walls as possible between you and outside. Stay away from windows. Get out of auto ramblings for cherish (Barry Leonard). There are many safety rules made for these tornadoes. Warnings were also given by forecasters. But these warnings or safety rules cannot save our lives. There is no perfect rule made up till now. But in the future there is. References Seymour Simon Howard B. Bluestein Professor of Metrology University of Oklahoma Joe Thorn Barry Leonard Cause and Effect Essay In what ways do Video Games affect children and teenagers? Video games are the games played on a tv screen.In the history of video games, the first game which was launched in 1958 is known as TENNIS. It was created by William Higginbotham. In 1972, another game was launched known as PONG which undecided the doors for the future games. It was invented by Nolan Bushnell and Ted Danby. In 1975, a game name GUN FIGHTER was released by Tomohiro Nishikado. It was a shooter game. This game opened the doors for America. America uses this game for the Intel 8080 and made it a first game which is used on a microprocessor (By D. B. Weston). After mid-nineties the changes were made in video games and were continued.Later on, they has emerged computing, art work, 3d effects, graphics and some realistic photographic w ork by bringing them together. They made crime emerged including highway hijacking, mortal combat, etc. New technologies (games system) take place with improved graphics, speed, increased in CD-ROM capacity, etc. In 1995, it was observed that in homes more than 40% of children demand brand-new games. Then computer games were started to make on a large scale using more machineries. Games started to fill with horror and terrifying imaginaries(By Barrie Gunter). Young generation starts to become addicted to these video games.With the profit in video games children start to seem lack in other activities. Young boys and as well as adults were also become a part of it. They were cashed using them to play these games. Different types of areas opened in which games were played. These games started to increase sale. Billions of games were sold in just one indorsement. People start to love this. Because these games make them happy, feel them more excited. But somehow disadvantages were als o seen. These games were making young people angrier. They start to become easily annoyed or irritate (By Barrie Gunter).Another disadvantage was these games cause effects on human health. health check reports have shown that players are suffering from many diseases. According to Loftus (1983), young generations were having continuous or long enduring dull pains in their body. Those games in which analogs were used cause effects on skin, joint and muscle problems. When Loftus examined 65% of arcade video games players, they were suffering with small bubbles on skin, fingers were filled with thickened and unexpressedened skin, pain in their tissues and were having lack of feeling, thinking, reactions powers (Barrie Gunter).Video games are harmful for children because they start to neglect from doing educational, social and leisure activities. They start to imagine in imaginary world. Always think about something which doesnt exist in this real world. To stop them from using video games is to involve them in other activities. Make them to participate in social life activities so that they can use their minds in right activity. References D. B. Weston Barrie Gunter Cause and Effect Essay What is stress? straining is the bodys reaction to any change that requires an adjustment or response.The body reacts to these changes with physical, mental, and emotional responses. Many events that happen to you and around you and many things that you do yourself put stress on your body. You can experience stress from your environment, your body, and your thoughts. Stress can be positive. For example, if a person is going to school for first time. So he will be excited but also nervous about being liked or accepted. As a result, a person gets frightened or nervous. Stress becomes negative. For example, if a person moves to new school leaving his good friends.As a result, a person gets headaches or stomachaches (Susan Gregson). Stress can fall to physical symptoms includi ng heart attack/strokes, ulcers, diabetes, angina, cancer and rheumatoid arthritis. Physical disorders like anxiety and depression, including break down (Stephen Palmer). Human body was designed to respond short-term stress. A chronic effect can cause many problems on human body, including all kinds of illnesses, syndromes, signs and symptoms (Kate Middleton). Stress also becomes harmful when people use alcohol, tobacco, or drugs to try and lay aside their stress.Unfortunately, instead of relieving the stress and returning the body to a relaxed state, these substances tend to keep the body in a stressed state and cause more problems. Over 323,000 people are using heroin and 1. 67 million people are using cocaine in United States because of stress (Ray Goldberg). Stress has become the most serious problem now a day. Many people are disturbed because of it. There is no solution to this problem. Everyday overburden can cause a person into many diseases. So the only solution to this pr oblem is that take only that much work which you can pass onle by yourself.And try to keep yourself calm. References Susan Gregson Kate Middleton Ray Goldberg Stephen Palmer Narrative Essay What are the ways to speak effectively? effectual communication is a skill which you can learn. It doesnt matter how old you are? Or which kind of background you have? If you have confidence and knowledge you can learn it easily. An effective speaking gives a pleasurable effect to listeners. When you look back in history you can see the effectiveness of their dialogue. For example you can read the speech of the Great Martin Luther, who set out a great example of humanity (Sheryl Lind sell-Roberts).I can divide experience of my university. It was the first day of my university when I entered my class room. I see that some of my class fellows were new and some of them were old friends. I introduce myself to new class fellows and as for the old one I reintroduced myself reminding them about our p ast class. I call my class fellows with their name so that I can remember them. I stand up when someone introduce himself to me, talk to them in good way and ask them about their past experience. Then at the end of my conversation I say good bye to all (Brain Tracys Blog).I remember when I was on the ground floor having fun with my class fellows. I saw a student who was looking similar to me but I couldnt remember his name. As a result, I wasnt able to call his name but when I talked to him he told me that he was my school friend. It was the awkward moment for me because I dont forget anyone. At that day, I promise myself that I will never forget anyones name. After that next day when everyone knows about each other, conversation becomes easier. If I want to talk to someone I get his maintenance first. Facing them and having an eye contact with them makes my message clearer (John A.Kline). Shaking hands before talk give a good impression on someone. I remember that when I was calle d by administrator in his situation to change the card. As I entered the room I greet him without shaking hand. Thus, it gives a wrong impression. So I have to keep it remember that if I meet to someone always shake hand with him first (Jean Bordeaux). These are the effective communication skills that a person needs. This will also help you in your journey. All you need is confidence and knowledge like me. I accept that I had made some mistakes too but it doesnt make me a bad speaker.So start practicing it to have some new experience in your life. References Sheryl Lind sell-Roberts Brain Tracys Blog John A. Kline Jean Bordeaux Narrative Essay Pros and Cons of Teamwork Teamwork needs the organized effort as a host. Teamwork needs the participation of all members in the activity. Without participation group work is useless. To do teamwork all members must be connected with one another so they can communicate. And if one of the team members was informed late or doesnt get the infor mation at all. So he or she can get all of the other team members into trouble (Price Pritchett).Three years back, I and my team members got a project on Govt. vs. public. So I and my team members decided that we will start our search on project next day. Next day in the morning, my whole radical was sitting together. They were having a discussion on the project that from where did they start their search? At 800 A. M. I come 2 hours late on that day. Although the ideas were too many in mind but I was confused that what should be the perfect idea? But when I shared my ideas with my team members, so some of them worked (Price Pritchett). The first idea of mine was to separate my team members into 2 groups.Group A will research on the role of Government. And group B will have a search on role of public. The second idea of mine was to give these 2 groups eras from 1951-2010. These eras were divided into 2 1951-1981 and 1982-2010. From 1951-1981 was given to the Group A. And the era fro m 1982-2010 was given to the Group B (Price Pritchett). We have almost 20 days left to complete our search. Search was spotless in 12 days. Now we got only 8 days left to practice. So, I went to the teacher to share my idea. She said that I can make group to sit in front of each other and then have the discussion.ButIdidnt agree with that idea of my teacher because on that day we have 1 hour and 30 minutes to talk on that topic. And if we continuously keep talking on one topic so audience will surely get bored. I start thinking and came up with an idea that if I can make a play on that topic, audience will take interest in it (Peter Levin). I and my team members practiced it every day 7-8 hours. I was having a watch on all team members. Because if one of our team members will not participate in group presentation. All what we have done would be for zipper. At last, on that day our play takes an interesting start.My team members were seemed to be very confident on that day. As I th ought, audiences were getting into it. And in the end, teacher and everybody who were presented on that day like our role play (Peter Levin). Teamwork is a skill which requires bravery and wisdom. Only a hard worker can lead a team to success. It needs a lot of courage to lead a team like I have done by understanding and making them hope in their selves. References Price Pritchett Peter Levin Narrative Essay Which types of Shops do you use to buy different things? Why? Shopping is a part of our life because they fulfill our needs.To do shop you have to go shop malls. Shopping malls in todays world are huge. They deliver us everything that we want. Majority of people use to come at weekends like me. Shopping malls sometimes become congested. You can find thousands of shops in just one obtain mall with food and ice-cream shops, theater for movie and play land for children etc. I usually go on shopping with my family. Whenever I go to any shopping mall I use to enjoy myself (Anna Sch iff). I and my family go to shopping malls because we get each and every case-by-case thing in just one place.And its the main advantage. I use to buy brand clothes from showrooms in the malls. Another reason that I use to go shopping malls is that they attract so much. Special arrangements are made like expensive tiles, ponds, fresh flowers, lift, moving stairs, cleaned floors, sitting area for rest and lights give such an impressive view to me that I dont want to come out (Michelle Gonzalez). There are lots of movies in theater ready to play. All we just have to do is select a movie and buy tickets for it. We usually came to theater after when shopping is finished.But my brother starts public debate with me. Whenever we come to shopping mall, he used to say I want to go before the shopping. Actually he wants all the fun before we can start shopping so he can have more time to play. He always spends money in play land in buying coins to play games in fun land (Cora Molinari). I u sed to visit alert shops. I love mobiles because of their advance engine room as well as impressive looks. Mobiles are the most advance technology ever created in world. New inventions like, touch screen, notebook, android mobiles are available. I want touch and android mobile.Whenever I go to shopping mall I ask my father to buy me a new mobile (Kim France, Andrea Linnet). Shopping malls have become expensive in these days. There is the main reason for it. Sometimes I think that even there is one place left in world where there is no issue of money? Where people are free to buy anything for them at low price? But I can only imagine all of this. So I suggest that always have fun in your life. And if you are not able to buy something from shopping malls so go to shops. References Anna Schiff Michelle Gonzalez Cora Molinari Kim France, Andrea Linnet Compare and Contrast EssayWhat is socialisation? Describe different types of companys cultures. A culture is the arts, customs, and in stitutions of a nation, people, or group. But when we are talking about company culture it is different from the other cultures. Its about what you have learned from those things which you practice there with other employees? Company refinement is entirely different from the hospital culture and university culture. We can understand the culture of company by looking it (Mats Elverson, Per Olaf Berg). There are two types of company culture Corporate culture and organizational finish.In Corporate culture some people states that it is something which describe a business. But the other people view is that it includes employee arrogance, morals, finances and services. In constitutional Culture some people declares that it is about the way in which we do things around business. Whereas others people says that it is about something to do with the superiority and elegance of employees or those people who are there (Mats Elverson, Per Olaf Berg). organizational Culture types are creatin g, collaborating, controlling and compete (Cameron, Kim S. and Quinn, Robert).However, Corporate Culture types are core, aspirational, authority-to-play and unintended (Mary J. Davis). The first type of Organization is creating in which people says having organization highlighting with the change, alteration and organic processes of culture (Cameron, Kim S. and Quinn, Robert). But in Corporate Culture first type which was core it says it is more about determine that are untouchable and acutely fixed with the ideologies that lead an employers (Mary J. Davis). Rendering the second type of Organization Culture is control (hierarchy).It says that to share connections with the conventionally large, administrative corporation (Cameron, Kim S. and Quinn, Robert). Nevertheless second Corporate Culture type aspirational it says that those values that a company needs to succeed (Mary J. Davis). According to the third type of Organizational Culture is compete (market). It is related to rela tionships, transactions, suppliers, unions, etc. (Cameron, Kim S. and Quinn, Robert). But in the Corporate Culture type permission to play it relates with lowest negotiating that reflects morals required of any employee (Mary J.Davis). In the fourth type of Organizational Culture which is collaborating. It says that it is more about accentuating suppleness and decision rather than constancy and mechanism of Control and Compete (Cameron, Kim S. and Quinn, Robert). On the other hand the fourth type of Corporative Culture style which is accidental. It says that it can hold the time when beliefs rise (Mary J. Davis). We have discussed two Cultures of a company in detail with their types. So now they depend on person choice that weather he wants to apply Organizational Culture or Corporate Culture in his company.An Organizational culture can bring changes to the policies while a Corporative Culture brings physical changes in people only. References Mats Elverson, Per Olaf Berg Cameron, K im S. and Quinn, Robert Mary J. Davis Compare and Contrast Essay Which is the most important Invention for the last 100 years? Which one do you wish had not been Invented? Science and Technology are changing this world day by day. It brings such a fast change in human life that it doesnt only change the way of thinking but it also changes humans life style, educational systems, etc.Science and technology have taught us the way to live our life. It has made our work easy by giving us the technology of machines One machine can do a work of coke humans within a second. For example, for fastest growth in agriculture new kinds of seeds, sprays, tractors are used. For fastest transportation trains, ships, air planes, cars, bikes are used. For fastest communication internet, mobiles are used. But the main role is played by computers. As everybody know that computers are the most common and fastest technology used in every home (P. Day). Computers are necessary in todays life.Without compu ter we cant survive. People in the past have a lot of problems with them. Like in the past the people were disturbed with the use of animal skin, feather, grains, pens, inks, papers and chalk. But now we have to use nothing because of computers we can get all those in just one place. Calculation was the most serious problem in the past. Computer helps us to solve this problem. In bank all electronic fund transferring, maintaining of nodes account, credits cards, bills payment, transactions, updating of account, are all carried by computer(Gary B.Shelly, Misty E. Vermont). Mobile phone are the another technology as gift of the science. As compared to computers the use of mobile are also common. In past time sometimes you forget your watch. So mobile helped to remove the wristwatch because you can forget your watch but cannot forget your mobile. It acts like your dairy. You can put as much notes as you want. You can call anyone at any time. Its give you reminder which helps you to wa ke up in the morning. figurer and other extra options are also given to make your work easier.But mobiles now a day are creating problems (Adam Burgess). Cell phones are the part of everyday life for many people. Children, teenagers and adults have different kinds of uses of it. Adults use to stay in touch with business contact. But children, teenagers use to talk or send messages which are not necessary at the moment. In fact, if somebody has a nonstop use of it so they can cause headaches, brain tumors and other effects on health. Even international research has shown to us that mobile phones are damaging to health in the short or long term (George L.Carlo, Polly Thibodaux). Science and technology holds the advantages as well as disadvantages too. It may have transformed our life in modern life. correct our way of living, public welfares, health and security. Brought many changes in our life but it has also made our life short. It has health effects like tiny size, minor the age , cause us stress, pain in eye, etc. So we can hope from science and technology for better future but not a safe future. References P. Day Gary B. Shelly, Misty E. Vermont Adam Burgess George L. Carlo, Polly Thibodaux